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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased rat myocardial type VI collagen in diabetes mellitus and hypertension (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; diabetic cardiomyopathy ; type VI collagen ; type IV collagen ; type I collagen ; laminin ; myosin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by the accumulation of carbohydrate-containing material surrounding the myocardial small blood vessels, has been studied in alloxan-diabetic normotensive and hypertensive rats. Immunochemical techniques were used to monitor several extracellular matrix constituents present in extracts of cardiac tissue, namely types I, IV and VI collagen, laminin and fibronectin, as well as myosin. These studies have indicated that after induction of diabetes, type VI collagen but none of the other matrix components studied, was significantly increased (from 2.29±0.04 mg/g in normal to 2.85±0.18 mg/g in diabetic ventricles, p〈0.01). Hypertension, whether induced by the clipping of one renal artery or genetically determined (spontaneously hypertensive rats), resulted in a similar elevation in type VI collagen (2.71±0.12 mg/g, p〈0.005 compared to normal rats). In the presence of diabetes plus hypertension the effect was not additive, the type VI collagen level being 2.93±0.15 (p〈0.001 compared to normal rats). Basement membrane collagen (type IV) in the myocardium appeared to be unaffected by diabetes or hypertension and the myosin contents of the hearts of the four experimental groups were similar. Quantitative determinations indicate that compared to type IV collagen, laminin or fibronectin, type VI collagen represents the major periodic acid-Schiff-reactive extracellular constituent of the rat ventricle. Its preferential increase in the heart in diabetes may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of the diabetic microvascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLIMAP SSTs re-revisited (2000)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 16 (2000), S. 241-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Since the 1976 publication of the CLIMAP ice age sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction showing a 1–2 ∘C tropical cooling a substantial debate has arisen as to whether tropical SSTs may instead have been 4–5∘ colder than present. Herein I review the arguments for large SST variations and question a number of key findings, particularly the validity of ice-age coral SST estimates and “down-projecting” tropical snowline changes to the surface. GCM results indicate that an intermediate solution requiring ∼2.5 ∘C warm pool cooling is consistent with most quantitative low elevation surface land data and is small enough to allow the persistence of tropical biota in the ocean during glacial times. The proposal reduces estimated ice-age climate sensitivity (for a doubling of CO2) from a “high-end” sensitivity of about 4.5 ∘C (for a 5–6 ∘C tropical cooling) to a “mid-range” sensitivity of about 3.0 ∘C for a 2.5 ∘C warm-pool decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050325
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (1997)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 13 (1997), S. 757-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Two simulations with a global coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation model have been carried out to study the potential impact of solar variability on climate. The Hoyt and Schatten estimate of solar variability from 1700 to 1992 has been used to force the model. Results indicate that the near-surface temperature simulated by the model is dominated by the long periodic solar fluctuations (Gleissberg cycle), with global mean temperatures varying by about 0.5 K. Further results indicate that solar variability and an increase in greenhouse gases both induce to a first approximation a comparable pattern of surface temperature change, i.e., an increase of the land-sea contrast. However, the solar-induced warming pattern in annual means and summer is more centered over the subtropics, compared to a more uniform warming associated with the increase in greenhouse gases. The observed temperature rise over the most recent 30 and 100 years is larger than the trend in the solar forcing simulation during the same period, indicating a strong likelihood that, if the model forcing and response is realistic, other factors have contributed to the observed warming. Since the pattern of the recent observed warming agrees better with the greenhouse warming pattern than with the solar variability response, it is likely that one of these factors is the increase of the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050196
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcoholic-like drinking in simian social groups (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 196-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Monkeys ; Social influences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have developed two protocols for inducing sustained, high-dose, alcohol-reinforced, oral alcohol drinking among some members of Macaca nemestrina social groups. Both protocols initially co-present alcohol and the entire daily food supply in a 2-h daily drinking session, with a later return to continuous availability of food. One protocol presents unflavored aqueous alcohol to partially food-deprived subjects; the other compares the drinking of flavored alcohol solutions with the drinking of equally palatable isocaloric non-alcohol solutions when monkeys are not deprived of food. Daily high-dose drinking developed in both protocols, with biomedical changes similar to those of early human alcoholism. Daily drinking to blood alcohol concentrations above 100 mg/dl was sustained in some animals after return to baseline food conditions, and this may have been related to social rank within the groups. Alcohol reinforced drinking of the flavored solutions. Although food deprivation initially produced heavier drinking, drinking with the two protocols was equivalent after return to baseline feeding conditions. These procedures open new opportunities for examining combined social and genetic influences on alcoholic-like drinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177915
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Pangean ice age: studies with a coupled climate-ice sheet model (1999)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 15 (1999), S. 619-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Application of an ice sheet model developed for the Pleistocene to the extensive Carboniferous glaciation on Gondwana yields an ice sheet which has several features consistent with observations. While complete deglaciation is not achieved without CO2 changes, the Milankovich-induced fluctuations in ice sheet volume are comparable to Pleistocene glacial/ interglacial signals. This result is shown to hold for a large fraction of physically reasonable parameter space. The model also exhibits multiple equilibria and sharp bifurcations, as infinitesimal changes in the solar constant or precipitation can lead to a qualitatively different climate. The success of the model in predicting ice location in an environment quite different from the Pleistocene provides additional support for the robustness of the basic model physics and suggests that the model can be applied with some confidence to other pre-Pleistocene glaciations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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