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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mice selected for differences in sensitivity to a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist vary in intermale aggression (1999)
    Springer
    Neurogenetics 2 (1999), S. 171-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Selected lines ; Benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist ; Methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate ; Aggression ; Pharmacogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels are involved in intermale aggression in mice. It was therefore expected that animals genetically selected for their sensitivity to the convulsive effects of methyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (β-CCM; BS, β-CCM sensitive, and BR, β-CCM resistant), a benzodiazepine (BZ) inverse agonist that specifically binds to the BZ site on the GABA-A receptor complex, would differ in their levels of aggressive behavior. Using two different aggression tests, in two independent experiments, we showed that BS mice are more aggressive than BR animals. The precise mechanisms underlying the observed line differences in β-CCM sensitivity and aggression remain to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100480050079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 845-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mouse ; rat ; genetic variation ; selective breeding ; inbred strains ; hippocampus ; two-way avoidance ; learning ; neuroanatomy ; morphometry ; development ; hyperthyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural ‘randomization’, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning. In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954059
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective advantage of fra (X) heterozygotes (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 86 (1990), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The high incidence of the fra (X) syndrome (about 1∶2000 male newborns) requires an explanation in view of the low fitness of mentally retarded hemizygous males and heterozygous females. In the past, it has been proposed that the mutation rate may be unusually high, and that mutations occur exclusively in male germ cells. According to an alternative hypothesis, a moderately high mutation rate might combine with a selective advantage of clinically unaffected heterozygotes. In earlier studies, such a combined hypothesis was shown to lead to plausible implications regarding mutation rate and fitness. Moreover, a mutation rate in male germ cells of the magnitude required by the exclusive mutation hypothesis was excluded by studies on comprehensive pedigree data. In this third study in the series, an increased fitness of heterozygous females is demonstrated directly by a comparison of the reproductive performance of heterozygotes with that of adequate controls (mothers and grandparents of Down's syndrome patients). Since average numbers of children have decreased during recent decades in populations of industrialized countries, heterozygotes (mothers of affected probands and their female relatives in their own generation) were subdivided into those born before and after 1940. Moreover, sibship sizes of probands' mothers and fathers were analyzed separately for family branches in which the fra (X) trait segregated (mostly the maternal branch), or did not segregate (in most instances the paternal branch). In all four categories reproductive performance in heterozygotes was found to be higher than in the controls. This difference was significant statistically for two of the four groups: it was small and nonsignificant only for the parental family branch in which the fra (X) mutant did not segregate and for mothers born after 1940. Fitness estimates ranged between 1.11 and 1.36. A higher incidence of dizygotic twinning suggests a biological component for this increased fertility. On the other hand, fra (X) families have a significantly lower social status than the controls. This suggests a socio-psychological component of their higher fertility. Apparently, both components contribute to their fertility: at present, their relative importance cannot be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205167
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-maze learning in the mouse correlates with variation in hippocampal morphology (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: spatial learning ; hippocampus ; mossy fibers ; mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract We studied mouse learning performance in a water-maze task in order to explore the relations between heritable structural variation in the hippocampus and spatial learning abilities. Based on previous findings we hypothesized a relation between spatial learning abilities and the size of the intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber (iip-MF) terminal field. Factor analysis revealed that learning in this water maze has two components: one related to apparatus-induced activity and one related to maze-learning ability. The size of the iip-MF terminal field covaried negatively with the activity-related component but positively with the spatial-learning component. These findings are in agreement with previous results obtained for shuttle-box learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067837
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrain divergence in C3H inbred mice (1988)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 18 (1988), S. 671-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: C3H inbred strain ; substrains ; mice ; two-way avoidance ; hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate substrain divergence in the highly inbred C3H strain, we studied the C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeJ//Bkl, C3H/He//Han, and C3H/HeJ//Hd strains. The Hd subline differed from the other three in its lower performance on a two-way active-avoidance learning task, larger infra- and intrapyramidal mossy fiber terminal fields, and rejection of skin grafts from other lines. There were no differences among the other three strains. This substrain divergence is explained by differences in animal husbandry techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066849
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The replicated diallel cross: A generalized method of analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 81-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066070
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Y-Chromosomal effects on discrimination learning and hippocampal asymmetry in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 19 (1989), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Y chromosome ; autosomes ; heterogeneous line ; discrimination learning ; hippocampus ; mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract From a four-way cross between unrelated inbred strains of mice, a random-breeding line was developed that segregated at two coat-color loci and carried Y chromosomes from different sources. Adult males were used for measurements of black-white discrimination learning and 7-day response retention in a water maze, body weight, brain weight, and left- and right-side hippocampus weight. Clear evidence was obtained of Y-linked influences on response acquisition, body weight, right-side hippocampus weight, and hippocampal asymmetry, whereas direct effects of autosome 9 were indicated with regard to right-side hippocampus weight only. However, epistatic interactions of the Y chromosome with autosome 9 were found for response acquisition and body weight and with autosome 4 for hippocampal asymmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066253
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 526-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588610
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 717-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289015
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between the full diallel cross and the simplified triple-test cross (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative genetics ; Simplified triple-test cross ; Diallel cross ; Mouse behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The simplified triple-test cross (sTTC) is a mating design that, because of its economic use of the experimental material as compared with other designs, seems very attractive. In theory, its power is almost equal to that of more elaborate designs such as the diallel cross. To evaluate the merits of both designs in a genetic analysis of mouse behavior, the results of a previous replicated 4×4 diallel cross (Crusio and van Abeelen 1986) were reanalyzed as a sTTC. We found that, at least with the fairly low number of strains employed, the sTTC analysis is clearly inferior to the diallel cross. This finding, in combination with some theoretical considerations, leads to the conclusion that the sTTC design is not a very useful one for such studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273714
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