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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y: localization in the brain and pituitary of the developing frog (Rana esculenta) (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neuropeptide Y ; Brain ; Pituitary ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Frog ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like peptide has been investigated in the peripheral terminal nerve, brain and pituitary of the frog, Rana esculenta, during development. Soon after hatching, a rather simple NPY-immunoreactive (-ir) neuronal system is present, with elements located mainly in the diencephalon. When hind limbs appear and develop, the NPY-neuronal system undergoes considerable elaboration and NPY-ir perikarya appear in several regions of the telencephalon (dorsal, medial, and lateral pallium; medial septum; medioventral telencephalon; anterior preoptic area), diencephalon (ventromedial, central and posterior thalamic nuclei; suprachiasmatic nucleus; infundibulum), mesencephalon (anteroventral mesencephalic tegmentum), and rhombencephalon (central grey; area of the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei). The frequency of NPY-ir neurons increases during larval development, and then decreases in the anterior preoptic area during the metamorphic climax. Dense plexuses of NPY-ir fibers are formed in several brain areas. NPY-ir fibers are found in the peripheral terminal nerve, and ir-neurons through its course along the ventromedial surface of the olfactory bulbs. NPY-ir fiber projections to the median eminence and pars intermedia derive mainly from the ventral infundibular group of NPY-ir neurons, with a contribution from the suprachiasmatic group of NPY neurons. NPY and carboxyl terminal flanking peptide of proneuropeptide Y coexist in the same neurons throughout the brain. The ontogenetic pattern of NPY-ir neuronal system in the brain of Rana esculenta is remarkably different than that reported for Xenopus laevis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050642
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of POMC-derived peptides (adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and β-endorphin) in the pituitary, brain and olfactory epithelium of the frog, Rana esculenta, during development (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Brain ; Pituitary gland ; pars intermedia and pars distalis ; Olfactory epithelium ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone ; α-MSH ; β-Endorphin ; Frog ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Developmental stages of Rana esculenta, starting with the posterior limb-bud stage (stage 26) up to a few days after metamorphosis, were examined immunohistochemically to localize cells and fibers producing some POMC-derived peptides, namely, α-MSH, ACTH and β-END. Anti ACTH and anti α-MSH revealed a positive reaction in the pars intermedia during all stages of development included in this study, whereas no immunoreactivity in this pituitary zone was ever evidenced with anti β-END. In the pars distalis strongly positive cells were seen with anti ACTH and anti β-END, while anti α-MSH yielded weakly positive cells. Interestingly, these peptides were colocalized in the same cells. Immunoreactivity for α-MSH was no longer present in the pars distalis during metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. In the brain of premetamorphic tadpoles, belonging to stages 26 to 30, a few neurons in the posterior telencephalon showed a positive reaction only with anti α-MSH,but from stage 31 (prometamorphosis) onwards, ACTH and β-endorphin-like peptide producing cells, together with α-MSH-immunoreactive cells, were seen in this region and in the anterior preoptic area and infundibulum. This situation persisted in the subsequent stages of development. Anti α-MSH also revealed weakly positive cells in the olfactory epithelium in premetamorphic tadpoles; strong immunoreactivity with anti α-MSH was seen in olfactory epithelium cells in animals during prometamorphosis, metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. The possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050239
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of POMC-derived peptides (adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and β-endorphin) in the pituitary, brain and olfactory epithelium of the frog, Rana esculenta, during development (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Pituitary gland, pars intermedia and pars distalis ; Olfactory epithelium ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone ; α-MSH-β-Endorphin ; Frog, Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Developmental stages of Rana esculenta, starting with the posterior limb-bud stage (stage 26) up to a few days after metamorphosis, were examined immunohistochemically to localize cells and fibers producing some POMC-derived peptides, namely, α-MSH, ACTH and β-END. Anti ACTH and anti α-MSH revealed a positive reaction in the pars intermedia during all stages of development included in this study, whereas no immunoreactivity in this pituitary zone was ever evidenced with anti β-END. In the pars distalis strongly positive cells were seen with anti ACTH and anti β-END, while anti α-MSH yielded weakly positive cells. Interestingly, these peptides were colocalized in the same cells. Immunoreactivity for α-MSH was no longer present in the pars distalis during metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. In the brain of premetamorphic tadpoles, belonging to stages 26 to 30, a few neurons in the posterior telencephalon showed a positive reaction only with anti α-MSH,but from stage 31 (prometamorphosis) onwards, ACTH and β-endorphin-like peptide producing cells, together with α-MSH-immunoreactive cells, were seen in this region and in the anterior preoptic area and infundibulum. This situation persisted in the subsequent stages of development. Anti α-MSH also revealed weakly positive cells in the olfactory epithelium in premetamorphic tadpoles; strong immunoreactivity with anti α-MSH was seen in olfactory epithelium cells in animals during prometamorphosis, metamorphic climax and postmetamorphosis. The possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331368
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in caiman (Caiman crocodilus) and turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) brains (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 298 (1999), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reptiles Brain Evolution FMRFamide Immunohistochemistry Caiman, Caiman crocodilus (Crocodiliä) Red-eared turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans (Chelonia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of FMRFamide (FMRFa)-like peptides in caiman (Caiman crocodilus) and turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) brains was studied by immunohistochemistry. In both species, distinct groups of FMRFa-like immunoreactive (ir) perikarya were present in the medial septal nucleus, accumbens nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, suprachiasmatic area, lateral hypothalamic area, and periventricular hypothalamic nucleus. A few FMRFa-ir neurons in the hypothalamic area were located in the neuroepithelial cell lining of the third ventricle. FMRFa-ir fibers were scattered in all major areas of the brain, from the olfactory bulbs to the rhombencephalon. They formed dense aggregates in the medial septal area, basal telencephalon, median eminence, and infundibulum, and adjacent to the fourth ventricle. The most obvious difference between the FMRFa-ir systems in caimans and turtles concerned the number of nuclei that contained neurons with this immunoreactivity. Eight such clusters were present in the caiman brain, whereas thirteen clusters were found in the turtle brain. The turtle also displayed scattered FMRFa-ir somata in the anterior olfactory nucleus, striatum, lateral septal nucleus, medial and lateral cortex, medial forebrain bundle, lateral preoptic area, and lateral geniculate nucleus. In the caiman brain, a few FMRFa-ir neurons were noted in the ventrolateral area of the pallial commissure and an even smaller number of ir neurons was found dispersed in the optic tracts. Neither formed nuclear aggregates. The results are compared with those described for other vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004419900112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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