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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow Cytometric Study of Blood Leucocytes in Clinical Forms of Human Schistosomiasis (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to examine three distinct groups of schistosomiasis patients and to determine whether cell phenotype profiles could be correlated with the different clinical forms of the disease. The data obtained indicate that Schistosoma mansoni infected patients have a lower percentage of CD3+ T cells than do non-infected individuals. Interestingly, infected patients presented more than twice the mean percentage of circulating activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+) when compared to the control group. Examination of T lymphocyte subpopulations showed that patients with the severe hepatosplenic form (HS) of the disease had lower levels of both CD8High+ and CD8Low+ cells when compared to the other groups of patients. All infected individuals had a higher percentage of circulating B cells, with an increase in the CD5+ B cell population that was more evident in the HS group. The data presented here are evidence to support a relationship between the hepatosplenic form of the disease, a decrease on the CD8+ cell population and an elevation on CD5+B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-119.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of LACK and KMP11 on IFN-γ Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Cutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasis Patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 61 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The immune modulatory properties of recombinant antigens Kinetoplasmid membrane protein-11 (KMP11) and Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK) in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) patients were evaluated. The mean levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of ML and CL patients were 5625 ± 2333 pg/ml and 4422 ± 3665 pg/ml, respectively. IFN-γ was not detected in cultures stimulated with KMP11 or LACK. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration in SLA, KMP11 and LACK-stimulated PBMC of ML patients was 13 ± 12 pg/ml, 285 ± 388 pg/ml and 802 ± 483 pg/ml, respectively. Addition of KMP11 or LACK to SLA-stimulated PBMC of CL and ML patients enhanced IL-10 production (P 〈 0.05). Addition of KMP11 decreased IFN-γ levels by 52% in CL patients and by 19% in ML patients. Addition of LACK to SLA-stimulated cultures decreased IFN-γ levels by 58% in CL patients and by 30% in ML patients. Neutralization of IL-10 abrogated the downregulatory effect of LACK and KMP11. The modulatory properties of LACK and KMP11 are due to induction of IL-10 production and may be helpful for attenuating chronic inflammatory diseases. However, in some clinical conditions, as demonstrated for ML, these molecules are not able to suppress the IFN-γ response, even inducing IL-10 production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01581.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Repertoire Analysis in Acute and Chronic Human Chagas'Disease: Differentail Frequencies of Vb5 Expressing T Cells (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Here, we analysed the use of Vb-TCR regions by CD4? and CD8? T cells from acute and chronic chagasic patients using ¯ow cytometry. We determined the Vb expression in cells freshly isolated from patients, as well as after in vitro stimulation with antigens derived from epimastigote (EPI) or trypomastigote (TRYPO) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Analysis of Vb-TCR expression of T cells freshly isolated from patients showed a decrease in Vb5 expression in the CD4? T-cell population from acutely infected individuals, whereas CD4?Vb5? T cells were found to be increased in chronic patients with the cardiac, but not indeterminate, clinical form. After culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chronic patients with EPI or TRYPO, we found that both antigenic preparations led to a preferential expansion of CD4?Vb5? T cells. EPI stimulation also led to the expansion of CD8?Vb5? T cells, whereas TRYPO led to the expansion of this cell population only if PBMC were from cardiac and not indeterminate patients. We observed that TRYPO stimulation led to an increase in the frequency of CD4?Vb17? T cells in cultures of PBMC from indeterminate patients, whereas an increase in the frequency of CD8?Vb17? T cells was found upon TRYPO stimulation of PBMC from cardiac patients. Despite this increase in the frequency of Vb17? T-cell populations upon TRYPO stimulation, the same antigenic preparation led to a much higher expansion of Vb5? T cells. These results show a differential expression of Vb5-TCR in cells freshly isolated from chagasic patients in different stages of the disease and that parasite-speci®c antigens stimulate a portion of the T-cell repertoire with preferential usage of Vb5-TCR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00706.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine mRNA Profile of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi Chronic Infection (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Characterization of immunologic activities during chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is critical for understanding the dynamics of human Chagas' disease. Since cytokine production is mainly regulated by transcription and mRNA stability, quantitative RT-PCR analysis gives an accurate picture of the influences of disease on cytokine profile. Using RT-PCR, the authors analysed the levels of message expression for several cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) freshly isolated from chagasic patients (CP) and non-infected individuals (NI), and in in vitro-stimulated PBMC from CP. Ex vivo analysis showed that mean levels of expression of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFNγ were dramatically increased in PBMC from CP, compared to NI. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were not significantly different between groups. Analysis of cytokine mRNA production after in vitro culture with parasite-derived antigens (EPI or TRP) or anti-epimastigote antibodies (Id) showed that these two classes of stimuli induced distinct cytokine responses. While EPI or TRP induced higher production of IFNγ specific message and low IL-10, anti-Id cells produced higher levels of IL-10 and low IFNγ. The simultaneous presence of antigenic and antibody stimulation in the host during the chronic phase of Chagas' disease could explain the existence of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cellular reactivity detected in most patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-362.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chagasic Patients Lack CD28 Expression on Many of Their Circulating T Lymphocytes (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A balanced host-parasite interaction during Trypanosoma cruzi infection allows for the establishment of a chronic infection that can last for many years. T cells are a major element responsible for parasite specific and non-specific immunityduring the complex immune response of the host. However, the sub-populations of T cells involved in the response, as well as the exact mechanisms through which those cells are activated or rendered unresponsive, are not well defined. It is known thatco-stimulatory signals, some of which are mediated via CD28, are of critical importance in the triggering of appropriate T cell responses. In this study the authors performed double-labelling studies to determine the frequency of expression of CD28 byCD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with Chagas’ disease. The results show that chagasic patients throughout the spectrum of chronic clinical forms of the infection have significantly higher meanfrequencies of CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells, as compared with non-chagasic individuals. Considering the importance of CD28 for T-cell activation, the observed down-regulation or loss of CD28during infection may indicate a possible basis for observed immunoregulatory events or distinct stages of T-cell activation in this infection. Recent evidence from patients with HIV/AIDS indicates that CD28– cell populations are morelikely to undergo apoptosis, and increased apoptosis has been observed in experimental Chagas disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-9.x
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