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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain structure of iron single crystals grown on Si(111) investigated by magnetic force microscopy (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6447-6447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-crystal iron films grown epitaxially on (111) silicon were studied using a magnetic force microscope (MFM). The crystalline anisotropy easy axes (〈100〉), directed 35° out of the film plane, result in a significant magnetic charge density at the film surface and a sixfold symmetry in the energy minima of the system. To reduce the magnetostatic energy of this configuration, an alternating, stripe domain pattern formed in samples of thickness ranging from 1240 to 315 nm. Because of the wavelike form of the MFM response across the stripes, two-dimensional Fourier transforms of the MFM images were used to give measures at the domain period, i.e., the wavelength of the stripes, as well as the complexity of the patterns. The stripe domain period was found to be approximately equal to the film thickness which is consistent with previous theoretical predictions. The domain patterns of the films in various remanent states and progressive stages of the magnetization process were investigated using the MFM and an in situ, variable magnetic field. A MFM tip that is magnetically soft compared to the iron is most suitable for this. Measurements of the domain period and pattern complexity as a funciton of applied field were correlated with bulk hysteresis measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361967
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic reversal of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4601-4603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic reversal mechanism of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center was studied using a Magnetic Force Microscope with in situ magnetic field capability. The samples studied were lithographically patterned from a 20-nm-thick NiFe film using a subtractive process to create tapered bars 18 wide×348 μm long. The easy axis of the permalloy is parallel to the long axis of the bar. In the center of the tapered bar was either a 10, 5, or 3 μm diameter hole. The remnant state after saturation parallel to the long axis of the bar is a large domain magnetized along the saturating field direction except near the hole. The magnetization at the edge of the hole can be explained by considering edge pinning and the last direction of a saturating magnetic field. An inplane magnetic field parallel to the long axis of the bar reverses the magnetization by domain nucleation at the edge of the hole. After the bar has reversed, the same type of wall structure is seen as in the remnant state. As the magnetic field is increased further, the magnetization rotates away from parallel to the edge of the hole, as seen by the emergence of surface poles along the hole edge. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotation of exchange anisotropy in biased Co/CoO bilayers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6418-6420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic field induced irreversible changes of the exchange anisotropy in Co/CoO bilayers were investigated. Cobalt films were grown by dc magnetron sputtering and then partially oxidized. They were then field cooled in 7000 Oe to 4.2 K to induce the exchange bias. A variable magnitude magnetic field was applied in the film plane at various angles with respect to the exchange bias direction. The effects of this variable magnetic field on the exchange coupling were studied by the reversible anisotropic magnetoresistance technique. Three qualitatively different behaviors of the exchange anisotropy direction were observed. The particular behavior was determined by the magnitude of the applied magnetic field and the rotation angle. A simple phenomenological model of the exchange anisotropy was developed to explain the experimental results, which allows for explicit quantitative separation of the unidirectional and the rotatable parts of the exchange anisotropy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372724
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature calorimetry for small samples (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction and operation of a new calorimeter are described. The advantages of this calorimeter are its versatility, simplicity, and ease of operation. This calorimeter can be designed and constructed in less than one day and it allows for the measurement of heat capacities while either heating or cooling a sample through a temperature interval without the restriction that the sample temperature deviate only slightly from the reservoir temperature. The calorimeter described here has primarily been utilized in the temperature range from 0.4 to 10.0 K; however, the useful temperature range is not limited to this interval. Thus far heat capacities of approximately 5 μJ/K have been resolved, but estimates indicate that heat capacities on the order of 0.1 μJ/K could be measured with this type of calorimeter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138912
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate modified growth of epitaxial Fe films (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3672-3672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is now clear that both the atomic and magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe films can be controlled by the precise nature of the substrate which acts as the template for the growth. We have investigated the role of defects and strain arising from lattice mismatch on the growth and the magnetic properties of the Fe films. The films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on three different well characterized surfaces: GaAs(100), In0.2Ga0.8As(100), and Fe(100). The first two surfaces were also prepared by MBE. This mole fraction of In was chosen to match the lattice constant of bulk α-Fe. The growth of the Fe film was characterized by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and the results indicate that the morphology of the Fe films is smoother on the InGaAs surface than on the GaAs surface. Yet is is still much rougher than the growth on Fe(100) substrate. The magnetic properties were measured by using a SQUID magnetometer and coercivity values are comparable to that of the films grown on ZnSe.1
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340681
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unidirectional coercivity enhancement in exchange-biased Co/CoO (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 1270-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unidirectional coercivity enhancement, exhibiting the same behavior as a positive exchange bias, has been discovered in a temperature range below the blocking temperature in Co/CoO bilayers. Below this temperature range, the usual shift of the center of the M–H loops to the negative or antiparallel to the cooling field direction is found. This behavior is observed in both magnetic hysteresis loops and transport properties. The positive exchange bias can be explained by reversible changes in the interfacial pinning by the antiferromagnet causing an asymmetric magnetization reversal and a unidirectional coercivity enhancement along the cooling field direction. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1498505
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic force microscopy of the submicron magnetic assembly in a magnetotactic bacterium (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2582-2584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A magnetic force microscope (MFM) was used to image topography and magnetic forces from a chain of submicron single magnetic domain particles produced by and contained in isolated magnetotactic bacteria. The noncontact magnetic force microscope data were used to determine a value for the magnetic moment of an individual bacterial cell, of order 10−13 emu, consistent with the average magnetic moment of bacteria from the same sample, obtained by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The results represent the most sensitive quantification of a magnetic force microscope image to date. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-induced effects on superconductors (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 36 (1979), S. 367-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the effects of microwave radiation on superconducting tunnel junctions and on the critical currents of superconducting strips at 2.0 and 10.0 GHz. In the tunnel junctions both quantum mechanical and classical effects (photon-induced tunneling and classical rectification, respectively), were observed, but not gap enhancement. The application of microwave radiation on long, superconducting, thin-film bridges was found to increase their critical current. The microwave magnetic field was found to couple more efficiently to the superconductor. The increase in the critical current was found to be proportional to the square root of the incident power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118713
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