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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic interpretation of the enterohepatic recirculation and first-pass elimination of morphine in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 505-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: morphine ; first-pass elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; enterohepatic recirculation ; availability ; routes of administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Morphine was administered to rats by oral, intraportal, and intravenous routes in a dose of 7.6 mg · kg −1.From the serum concentration data after intraportal administration it was calculated that the first-pass elimination of morphine in the liver amounts to 72±2% (sd). The first-pass fraction eliminated after oral administration was 85±7% (sd), thus yielding a contribution by the gut mucosa of 46% to the overall first-pass elimination after an oral dose. The results were obtained with a general compartmental model which included the kinetics of enterohepatic recirculation. The oral availability was also estimated with the aid of pharmacological effect data. This availability was in good agreement with the corresponding value determined from the serum concentration data. The results suggest that morphine is subjected to enterohepatic recirculation and that the slowest phase of decline of morphine concentrations in serum might be due to this physiological process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of morphine in plasma and discrete areas of the rat brain (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 3 (1975), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: morphine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacokinetic models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract After intravenous administration of an analgesic dose of morphine into rat, the time course of morphine concentrations was followed in plasma, whole brain, and four discrete areas of the brain during 8 hr. These concentration curves indicated a three-exponential function which could be described by a mammillary system of three compartments. Maximal brain levels were obtained 15–20 min after injection, showing a fairly even distribution pattern of morphine. The plasma to whole brain ratio showed three-exponential characteristics, approaching a constant value of about 4.7–4.8 after 4 hr. By use of the SAAM-25 program, the experimental data from plasma and brain were simultaneously fitted to five separate sets of three-compartment models. Results obtained implied the uniqueness of the computed transfer constants of the three-compartment model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01082303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between morphine pharmacokinetics and analgesia (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 6 (1978), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: morphine pharmacokinetics ; morphine analgesic activity ; relationships between morphine pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect ; multicompartmental behavior of morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the multicompartmental behavior of morphine and the kinetics of the analgesic effect has been investigated using a digital computer compartment analysis program. The results obtained indicate that the concentrations of morphine in the brain are not related to the analgesic effect in a “direct” manner but rather in an “indirect” way. A compartment model describing the kinetics of such an “indirect” pharmacological effect was found to yield a good correlation between the Pharmacokinetics of morphine and the kinetics of the analgesic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066062
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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