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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 213 (1967), S. 1038-1040 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Syrian hamsters of both sexes weighing between 80 and 110 g were used. Thirty-eight hamsters were pinealec-tomized according to a technique developed in this labora-tory12. Thirty-six hamsters were subjected to compara-tive trauma and bleeding but the pineal gland and its stalk were left undamaged ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La fréquence croissante des mélanomes malins et l'augmentation de la mortalité ont stimulé les recherches qui étudient les facteurs de transformation maligne des mélanocytes et les interactions hôtetumeur qui jouent un rôle important dans l'évolution de cette maladie. On a suggéré que l'exposition aux rayons solaires expliquait l'augmentation de fréquence du mélanome dans les races à peau claire. Comme le mélanome est rare dans les races à peau foncée et qu'il apparait, chez ces individus, de préférence dans les zones non pigmentées, telles que la plante du pied, on pense que la mélanine, outre ses effets photoprotecteurs, pourrait également protéger contre certains agents carcinogènes intrinsèques. Au cours de leur développement, les mélanomes malins cutanés passent par divers types cellulaires dont les potentialités invasives et métastatiques varient. Ce mode de développement peut être démontré par l'étude des divers types histologiques de mélanomes. Le mélanome à extension superficielle au stade précoce et le mélanome malin à aspect de lentigine sont caractérisés par des cellules qui ont une longue phase de croissance intra-épidermique: la plupart de ces lésions peuvent être diagnostiquées à un stade où elles sont encore curables par la seule chirurgie. Plus tard peuvent se développer des sous-populations de cellules plus agressives. Ces cellules peuvent être également caractéristiques des stades initiaux du mélanome nodulaire, pour lequel la phase de croissance intra-épidermique est absente et l'invasion souvent précoce. Le pronostic dépend de la profondeur de l'envahissement par la tumeur primitive. L'histoire naturelle de la maladie peut en général être prédite par la définition microscopique du degré d'envahissement et de l'index mitotique, ainsi que par le sexe, l'âge et la localisation. Avec les possibilités thérapeutiques actuelles, la survie à long terme sans récidive est de 60–70%; elle est donc comparable à celle d'autres cancers plus fréquents.
    Notes: Abstract The rising incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma with the consequent increase in mortality from melanoma has intensified efforts to understand the factors that initiate the malignant transformation of melanocytes and to define those tumor-host interactions that play a relevant role in the clinical course of this disease. Increased exposure to solar radiation has been proposed as an explanation for the rising incidence of melanoma observed in light-skinned races. Because of the low incidence of melanoma in darkly pigmented races and its tendency in these individuals to develop in relatively nonpigmented areas, such as the sole of the foot, it is postulated that melanin, in addition to its well-known photoprotective effects, may protect against certain intrinsic carcinogenic agents. Developing cutaneous malignant melanomas progress through several cell types that have varying potentials for invasion and metastasis. This developmental process can be appreciated by examination of the various histologic types of melanomas. Early superficial spreading melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma are characterized by cells that exhibit a prolonged intraepidermal growth phase, and most of these lesions can be diagnosed while they are still curable by simple surgical therapy. Subpopulations of more aggressive cells eventually develop, however. These cells also may characterize the initial stages of nodular melanoma in which the intraepidermal growth phase is absent and early invasion is common. Prognosis for survival depends on the depth of invasion of the primary tumor. Microstaging of the depth of invasion together with information as to mitotic index, sex, site, age, and histologic type will usually predict the natural history of the disease. With present-day management, the overall long-term, disease-free survival rate of patients with cutaneous melanoma is 60–70% and compares favorably with that of the more common cancers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The addition products obtained by the Ag+-induced reaction of α-chloro-aldonitrones with olefins (see preceding communication) can be utilized efficiently for making γ-lactones (see scheme 1).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enaminoid derivatives formed by deprotonation of the olefin-α-chloro-nitrone cycloadducts (see preceding communications) undergo a beautifully clean cycloreversion at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures. The sequence (2+4)-cycloaddition → deprotonation → (2′+4)-cycloreversion constitutes a potentially useful method for the oxidative cleavage of olefinic double bonds with concomitant extension of the carbon chain at one of the double bond termini (indirect «carboxolytic» cleavage of double bonds; see schemes 1 and 3).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organic synthesis may be said to be in need of enophiles, i.e. reagents that would undergo cycloaddition reactions with any isolated olefinic double bond, in contrast to most of the classical Diels-Alder or 1,3-dipolar addition reagents which, as a rule, require activated olefins in order to participate smoothly in cycloaddition processes. This paper introduces α-chloronitrones as precursors of a new class of such reagents; they undergo an Ag+-induced reaction with unactivated olefins with great ease to give products considered to result from 1,4-cycloadditions of N-alkyl-N-vinyl-nitrosonium ions to the carbon-carbon double bond (see scheme 2). This process is believed to have a number of synthetic applications, two of them being illustrated in two subsequent communications.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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