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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toluene vapour removal in a laboratory-scale biofilter (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A bench-scale biofilter with a 0.5-m high filter bed, inoculated with a toluene-degrading strain of Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9689, was used to study toluene removal from a synthetic waste air stream. Different sets of continuous tests were conducted at influent toluene concentrations ranging over 0.1–4.0 g m−3 and at superficial gas velocities ranging over 17.8–255 m h−1. The maximum volumetric toluene removal rate for the biofilter (242 g m−3 h−1) was obtained at a superficial gas velocity of 127.5 m h−1 (corresponding to a residence time of 28 s) and a toluene inlet concentration of 4.0 g m−3. Under these operating conditions, toluene removal efficiency was only 0.238, which suggested that effective operation required higher residence times. Removal efficiencies higher than 0.9 were achieved at organic loads less than 113.7 g m−3 h−1. A macro-kinetic study, performed using concentration profiles along the bioreactor, revealed this process was limited by diffusion at organic loads less than 100 g m−3 h−1 and by biological reaction beyond this threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000379
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic digestion of the vegetable fraction of municipal refuses: mesophilic versus thermophilic conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 21 (1999), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The phenomena limiting the anaerobic digestion of vegetable refuses are studied through batch tests carried out using anaerobic sludge previously selected under either mesophilic (37 °C) or thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. The compositions of the hydrolysed cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of these materials are simulated by starch and hemicellulose hydrolysates, respectively. Non-hydrolysed mixtures of vegetable waste with sewage sludge are used to ascertain whether the hydrolysis of these polymeric materials is the limiting step of the digestion process or not. The experimental data of methane production are then worked out by a first-order equation derived from the Monod's model to estimate the kinetic rate constant and methane production yield for each material. Comparison of these results shows that passing from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions is responsible for a slight deceleration of methane production but remarkably enhances both methanation yield and methane content of biogas. The final part of the study deals with the fed-batch digestion of the same residues in static digester. Working under thermophilic conditions at a loading rate threshold of 6.0 gCOD/l · d, the hemicellulose hydrolysate ensures the highest methane productivity (60 mmolCH4/l · d) and methane content of biogas (60%), while unbalance towards the acidogenic phase takes place under the same conditions for the starch hydrolysate. The intermediate behaviour of the non-hydrolysed mixture of vegetable waste with sewage sludge demonstrates that hemicellulose hydrolysis is the limiting step of digestion and suggests the occurrence of ligninic by products inhibition on methane productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050689
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (1999)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 20 (1999), S. 553-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An attempt is presented and discussed to adapt a well-known process successfully employed in the U.S.A. for the simultaneous treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSWOF) and sewage sludge to the particular situation of water works in Italy. It consists of preliminary domestic grinding of MSWOF, its discharge into the sewer, screening, and final digestion of the resulting residue together with sewage sludge. In order to avoid extension work of the present activated sludge sections necessary to face the organic load increase, a fine screening is necessary, while the efficiency of anaerobic digestion can be improved by shifting the system from mesophilic (37 °C) to thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. The effects of thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatments of both MSWOF and sewage sludge on methane, carbon dioxide, and biogas productions are investigated either separately or jointly. During these pretreatments, volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration remarkably decreased while soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased as the result of the progressive hydrolysis of the polymeric materials present in the feed. Finally, the kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of these materials are estimated and compared in order to provide useful information on the factors limiting the anaerobic digestion as well as to suggest the best way to carry out the process on a large scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490050628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,3-Butanediol production by Enterobacter aerogenes: selection of the optimal conditions and application to food industry residues (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 23 (2000), S. 613-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Optimum values of temperature, pH, and starting substrate concentration are experimentally determined for 2,3-butanediol production by Enterobacter aerogenes through three set of batch fermentations of synthetic glucose solutions. The results of tests carried out at variable temperature show an optimum of 39 °C and are used to estimate, for both fermentation and thermal inactivation, the activation enthalpies (7.19 and 23.6 kJ mol−1) and the related entropies (−0.32 and −0.27 kJ mol−1 K−1). An optimum pH value of 6.0 is evidenced from batch runs at variable pH, whose results are also used to make reasonable hypotheses on the reaction controlling the metabolic pathway which leads to butanediol. The fermentability of different food industry wastes, namely starch hydrolysate, both raw and decoloured molasses, and whey, is finally checked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004490000210
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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