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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52 (2001), S. 527-560 
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rhizosphere is the zone of soil immediately surrounding plant roots that is modified by root activity. In this critical zone, plants perceive and respond to their environment. As a consequence of normal growth and development, a large range of organic and inorganic substances are exchanged between the root and soil, which inevitably leads to changes in the biochemical and physical properties of the rhizosphere. Plants also modify their rhizosphere in response to certain environmental signals and stresses. Organic anions are commonly detected in this region, and their exudation from plant roots has now been associated with nutrient deficiencies and inorganic ion stresses. This review summarizes recent developments in the understanding of the function, mechanism, and regulation of organic anion exudation from roots. The benefits that plants derive from the presence of organic anions in the rhizosphere are described and the potential for biotechnology to increase organic anion exudation is highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in the expression of phosphate transporter genes APT1 and APT2, phosphate uptake and internal phosphate concentrations were monitored in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown with different supplies of inorganic phosphate. When plants were deprived of phosphate, APT1/APT2 expression and phosphate uptake, measured by both 32P and phosphate-dependent changes in membrane potential, increased steadily over 4 to 7 d and both were inversely related to the internal phosphate concentrations in roots and shoots. When phosphate was resupplied to phosphate-starved plants, the internal phosphate concentration and APT1/APT2 expression in roots were restored to control levels within 1 d whereas phosphate uptake took several days to decline to control rates. The increased expression of APT1/ATP2 genes when phosphate supply is restricted, and its close relationship with the internal phosphate concentrations in the root, provides evidence that phosphate uptake in Arabidopsis is controlled, at least in part, by the synthesis of transporter proteins as a result of increased transcription of phosphate transporter genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Many elements of the lanthanide series exist as trivalent cations in solution below pH 6. The present study was carried out to investigate whether lanthanides could stimulate malate efflux from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots, as has been found for trivalent aluminium (Al) cations. Excised root apices treated with 100 µm of each of seven different lanthanide elements (lanthanum, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, erbium, and ytterbium) stimulated malate efflux, with five- to fifty-fold more malate being released from an Al-tolerant wheat line than from a near-isogenic Al-sensitive line. As erbium stimulated the greatest malate efflux of the lanthanides tested, this response was characterized further. The characteristics of the erbium-activated efflux were similar to the Al-activated efflux described previously suggesting that both of these ions activate the same transport mechanism. The capacity for erbium-activated malate efflux cosegregated with Al tolerance in wheat seedlings derived from a cross between Al-sensitive and Al-tolerant near-isogenic lines. This is the first study to identify cations, other than Al, which can activate malate release from wheat roots. It also provides additional evidence that malate efflux from root apices is the primary mechanism for Al tolerance in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We investigated (1) the effect of constant and altered inorganic phosphate (Pi) supply (1–100 mmol m–3) on proteoid root production by white lupin (Lupinus albus L.); and (2) the variation in citrate efflux, enzyme activity and phosphate uptake along the proteoid root axis in solution culture. Proteoid root formation was greatest at Pi solution concentrations of 1–10 mmol m–3 and was suppressed at 25 mmol m–3 Pi and higher. Except at 1 mmol m–3 Pi, the formation of proteoid roots did not affect plant dry matter yields or shoot to root dry matter ratios, indicating that proteoid roots can form under conditions of adequate P supply and not at the expense of dry matter production. Plants with over 50% of the root system as proteoid roots had tissue P concentrations considered adequate for maximum growth, providing additional evidence that proteoid roots can form on P-sufficient plants. There was an inverse relationship between the Pi concentration in the youngest mature leaf and proteoid root formation. Citrate efflux and the activities of enzymes associated with citric acid synthesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase) varied along the proteoid root axis, being greatest in young proteoid rootlets of the 1–3 cm region from the root tip. Citrate release from the 0–1 and 5–9 cm regions of the proteoid root was only 7% (per unit root length) of that from the 1–3 cm segment. Electrical potential and 32Pi uptake measurements showed that Pi uptake was more uniform along the proteoid root than citrate efflux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 713 (1982), S. 251-259 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat ovary) ; De-differentiation ; Estrogen synthesis ; Steroid synthesis regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 641-643 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Leguminosae ; Trifolium subterraneum ; clover ; diamine oxidase. ; isoenzymes ; purification
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: biosynthesis ; cadystin ; metallothionein ; phytochelatins ; poly(γ-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine ; synthesis ; synthetic gene
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; minerals ; mutants ; screening ; X-ray fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana is a small herbaceous plant which is used as a model plant for defining the molecular basis of many plant processes. The advantages of this plant for genetic studies are its small, well-characterized genome, a short life cycle, large seed set and small seed size. The analysis of mutants of this plant has proved useful in understanding basic plant processes. To isolate Arabidopsis mutants in mineral nutrition, we have devised a method of screening based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) analysis of leaves. We have identified three mutants in P and Mn nutrition after screening over 100 000 seedlings. These mutants show either excessive accumulation of P or Mn in shoots or an inabilty to accumulate normal concentrations of P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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