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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial activity of glass–ionomer cements, compomers and resin composites: relationship between acidity and material setting phase (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  Agar diffusion testing was used with four different media to evaluate the antibacterial activity of six products (one conventional glass–ionomer cement (GIC), two light-activated glass–ionomers, two polyacid-modified resin composites and one resin composite) on Streptoccoccus mutans. Their respective antibacterial activities were also compared during and after setting. The relationship between product acidity and antibacterial activity was evaluated.All the GICs demonstrated antibacterial properties in contrast to the polyacid-modified resin composites and resin composite which did not shown any antibacterial effects. Vitrebond GIC exhibited higher antibacterial action, probably because of a cytotoxic photo-initiator diphenyliodoniumchloride. A direct relationship between material acidity and growth inhibition of S. mutans was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01300.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borrelia afzelii evidenced by polymerase chain reaction in a biopsy of nipple lymphocytoma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05097_12.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of specific antigens for ten serogroups of Clostridium difficile
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Probes 4 (1990), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0890-8508
    Keywords: Clostridium difficile ; immunoblotting
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-8508(90)90034-W
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clostridium difficile infection in a geriatric ward
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 13 (1991), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    Keywords: Aged ; Clostridium difficile ; Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea ; Elderly ; Geriatrics ; Nosocomial infection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4943(91)90047-T
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity ofClostridium difficile isolates from infants (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Clostridium difficile ; Toxins A and B ; serogroups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the role ofClostridium difficile in infants we characterised the strains isolated from this population. The production of toxin A and toxin B was studied. The toxin A, playing a major role in the disease, was searched for in faecal samples. The serogroup of the isolates was determined because some serogroups have been shown to be more pathogenic than others. Over a 9-month period, 102 faecal samples from 102 hospitalised infants (0–12 months) were analysed and 26% of the children were colonised withC. difficile. Fifteen isolates secreted neither toxin A nor B (62.5%). Nine isolates were toxigenic and secreted both toxins (37.5%). Of the eight toxigenic strains tested, six were from serogroup H and two serogroup K. Of the 13 nontoxigenic strains tested, 8 belonged to serogroup D, 2 to serogroup X, and 1 each to serogroup A, serogroup B and serogroup C. Three infants out of 102 studied had toxin A in their faeces. In summary, the infants can be colonised by (1) nontoxigenic strains, most of them from nonpathogenic serogroup D, without toxin A in the faeces; (2) toxigenic strains of virulent serogroups H and K, with or without toxin A in the faeces. Although some infants had diarrhoea, none needed a specific treatment forC. difficile. No specificC. difficile pathology could be retained and different mechanisms are advanced to explain this absence of pathogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956743
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clostridium difficile in neonates: serogrouping and epidemiology (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 36-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Clostridium difficile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A typing scheme for clostridium difficile based on serogrouping, toxigenicity and sorbitol fermentation was applied to 270 strains isolated in one neonatal ward during a 6-month prospecitive study. Two hundred and twenty-three strains were isolated from 377 faecal samples of 114 neonates and 47 from 92 environmental specimens. The isolates were distributed among five different types; 87% of the faecal and 85% of the environmental isolates belonged to two of these types (toxigenic, sorbitol negative, serogroup F and nontoxigenic, sorbitol positive, serogroup A). Nosocomial spread was clearly demonstrated and the environment appeared to be the main source of contamination: most of the neonates were colonized after admission by strains found in their environment; clusters of colonization with unusual isolates were observed following referral of patients from the intensive care unit or from other hospitals. No relation was found between the acquisition or the carriage of C. difficile and any intestinal symptoms. All the strains belonged to types different from those usually found in cases of antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) suggesting differences of pathogenicity among the different types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology and prevention ofClostridium difficile infections in a leukemia unit (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 6 (1987), S. 623-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 29-month prospective study was carried out in a leukemia unit with the aim of investigating the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections and limiting their spread. Systematic cultures of stools and assays for cytotoxin were performed on patient admission and at weekly intervals, yielding 1,355 cultures and assays. The study period was divided in period A, before total unit renovation, and period B, afterwards. During period B all patient carriers of Clostridium difficile received vancomycin. A comparison of the two periods showed that the percentage of positive cultures fell from 16.6 % to 3.6 % and the positive toxin assays from 9.9% to 1.2%. It was concluded that colonization by Clostridium difficile can be prevented in hospital wards with generally high rates of infection by a combination of decontamination of the environment, introduction of preventive measures and treatment of Clostridium difficile carriage with vancomycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence and significance ofclostridium difficile in hospitalized cancer patients (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 274-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and clinical significance ofClostridium difficile in patients in our cancer center. Over a period of seven consecutive months, 557 stools samples obtained from 156 hospitalized cancer patients (37 leukemic patients receiving oral antimicrobial prophylaxis and 119 patients from whom a stool sample was sent to the laboratory) were analyzed for the presence ofClostridium difficile. Clostridium difficile and/or its toxin was recovered from 13 (35 %) of the 37 patients receiving oral antimicrobial prophylaxis, and from 15 (12 %) of the other 119 patients (p〈0.05). Isolation ofClostridium difficile was associated with diarrhoea in 13 (46 %) of 28 patients but specific treatment was initiated only in 7 (25 %) of the 28 patients in whomClostridium difficile was isolated. The wide distribution of the serotypes identified in our patients does not suggest an epidemic situation in our hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of clinical isolates of campylobacter pylori to 24 antimicrobial and anti-ulcer agents (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 154-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Campylobacter pylori ; In-vitro susceptibility ; Antibiotics ; Antiulcer drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Forty-nine isolates of Campylobacter pylori were tested for their susceptibility to twenty antibiotics and four anti-ulcer agents by an agar dilution technique. Penicillin and amoxycillin were the most active drugs (MIC90, 0.06 μ/ml); erythromycin, cefazolin, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin were sligthtly less active (MIC90, ≤ 1 μg/ml). Moderate activity was found for doxycyclin, rifampin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, enoxacin, paromomycin, metronidazole and tinidazole. All strains were resistant to trimethoprim (MIC 〉 512 μg/ml). Nalidixic acid (MIC90, 〉 256 μg/ml) and colistin (MIC90, 〉 64 μgg/m1) had little to no activity. Of four anti-ulcer drugs, only bismuth subcitrate showed activity (MIC90, 64 μg./ml). Strains resistant to all 4-quinolones were found in patients who had previously received ofloxacin as part of a clinical trial aimed at eradication of C. pylori. These isolates remained susceptible to amoxycillin, tetracyclines and to other classes of antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and rep-PCR for the epidemiological analysis ofOchrobactrum anthropi strains (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 1099-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction genome fingerprinting based on repetitive chromosomal sequences (rep-PCR) were used for typing 14 strains ofOchrobactrum anthropi. Six strains isolated during an outbreak of bacteraemia in patients who had received a contaminated rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin gave identical patterns by both techniques. Different patterns were found in sporadic and reference strains, except for one clinical isolate received from another hospital that showed the same pattern as the epidemic clone. This patient had also received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin from the same source at the time of the outbreak. This study illustrates the advantages of genetic typing methods in terms of high typeability and discriminating power, even for rare pathogens. Furthermore, it highlights the need for interhospital communication for effective identification of common sources of outbreaks related to intrinsic drug contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01590948
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