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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a heterologous radioimmunoassay for canine osteocalcin (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 134-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteocalcin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Bone formation ; Biochemical marker ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a routine and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for dog osteocalcin. Two peaks of dog osteocalcin were purified to apparent homogeneity according to N-terminal sequence analysis. Amino acid composition analysis suggested that the second peak was intact dog osteocalcin whereas the first peak could be a truncated molecule. High titer (〉1:5,000) anti-dog osteocalcin antisera were produced in rabbits. The antiserum recognized dog and rat osteocalcins but not that in serum of human, bovine, rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, or goat. A homologous RIA using anti-dog osteocalcin as the antibody and dog osteocalcin as the tracer and standard was developed. Taking advantages of the facts that (1) anti-dog osteocalcin crossreacted in parallel with rat osteocalcin and (2) purified rat osteocalcin is commercially available, we devised an approach that used rat osteocalcin as the tracer and standard, and anti-dog osteocalcin as the antibody to develop a heterologous RIA. This assay recognized dog serum osteocalcin and diluted in parallel with rat and dog osteocalcins. Quantitation was done using rat osteocalcin to construct standard curves, and results were expressed in ng/ml of rat osteocalcin-equivalent. The detection limit of the assay was 5 ng/ml rat osteocalcin-equivalent, and half-maximal displacement was seen at 30–40 ng/ml rat osteocalcin-equivalent. The inter-and intraassay variations were 16.1% and 8.5%, respectively. The assay accurately determined the amount of exogenously added dog osteocalcin in serum. The results quantitated with this RIA correlated well (r-0.975, n=86) with those obtained with the homologous RIA. Application of the heterologous assay to dogs of different age revealed that young dogs (3 months old) had 15-fold higher serum osteocalcin level than adult (〉2 years old) dogs. In summary, we have (1) purified dog osteocalcin; (2) produced an antiserum against it; and (3) developed a heterologous RIA that could accurately measure dog osteocalcin, and could be used routinely to measure dog osteocalcin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297189
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of surgical sympathectomy on catecholamine concentrations in the posterior pituitary of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 134-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Approximately one-third of the norepinephrine in the posterior pituitary of the rat is contained in terminals of sympathetic nerves which originate in the superior cervical ganglia; the remaining norepinephrine and dopamine appear to be in nerves of central origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02004020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphine differentially alters synthesis and turnover of dopamine in central neuronal systems (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 48 (1980), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis of biochemical indices of dopamine (DA) nerve activity (decline of DA after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase, accumulation of DOPA after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase) it was revealed that morphine increases the activity of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA nerves which terminate in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but reduce the activity of tuberoinfundibular DA nerves which terminate in the median eminence. Morphine had no effect on tuberohypophyseal DA nerves which project to the posterior pituitary. Naloxone was without effectper se, but blocked the effects of morphine on DOPA accumulation. Thus, morphine differentially alters the diverse DA neuronal systems in the rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01243500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type A monoamine oxidase catalyzes the intraneuronal deamination of dopamine within nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal neurons in the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 52 (1981), S. 175-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clorgyline (0.3–10mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited type A monoamine oxidase (5-hydroxytryptamine as substrate) but not type B monoamine oxidase (phenylethylamine as substrate) in homogenates of rat striatum and olfactory tubercle; deprenyl (0.3–3 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited type B but not type A monoamine oxidase in these homogenates. The same doses of clorgyline increased concentrations of dopamine in striatum, and dopamine and norepinephrine in the olfactory tubercle, median eminence and posterior pituitary; they also reduced the concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the rate of synthesis of dopamine (DOPA accumulation after a decarboxylase inhibitor) in the same brain regions. On the other hand, the administration of deprenyl at doses that markedly inhibited type B monoamine oxidase did not alter the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or the rate of accumulation of DOPA in these brain regions. In addition, only clorgyline significantly lowered serum concentrations of prolactin. These results suggest that type A monoamine oxidase catalyzes the intraneuronal deamination of dopamine within terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal dopamine neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01249602
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopa accumulation is a measure of dopamine synthesis in the median eminence and posterior pituitary (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 46 (1979), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A radioenzymatic assay was employed to measure the accumulation of DOPA in a variety of rat brain tissues 30 min after the administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor in order to estimate the activity of dopamine (DA) nerves which terminate in these regions. In the median eminence and posterior pituitary the accumulation of DOPA appears to occur primarily in DA nerves since: (1) the rate of synthesis of norepinephrine (NE), as estimated from theα-methyltyrosine-induced decline of catecholamines, accounts for less than 10% of total catecholamine synthesis in these two brain regions; and (2) the accumulation of DOPA is not significantly altered when the NE concentrations in these regions are reduced to 40–50% of control by prior intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine. These results suggest that the accumulation of DOPA in the median eminence and the posterior pituitary can be used to estimate the activity of tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal DA nerves, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250784
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of dopamine synthesis regulation in the terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal neurons (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 46 (1979), S. 263-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rate of accumulation of DOPA after the administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015) was determined in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, median eminence and posterior pituitary of the rat brain in order to obtain an index of the rate of synthesis of dopamine (DA) in the terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal neurons, respectively. In all brain regions an increase in the concentration of DA by the administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor decreased DOPA accumulation while a decrease in the concentration of DA by the administration of reserpine increased DOPA accumulation. These results indicate that end product inhibition plays a role in regulating DA synthesis in all four neuronal systems. Injections of DA agonists decreased and DA antagonists increased the accumulation of DOPA in striatum, olfactory tubercle and posterior pituitary, but not in median eminence. The administration ofγ-butyrolactone (GBL) and baclofen increased the concentration of DA and the accumulation of DOPA in the striatum, olfactory tubercle and posterior pituitary, and these effects were reversed by the administration of apomorphine. On the other hand, GBL and baclofen had no effect on the concentration of DA or the accumulation of DOPA in the median eminence. These two drugs did, however, reduce theα-methyltyrosine-induced decline of DA in the median eminence suggesting that they inhibit the activity of tuberoinfundibular nerves just as they do DA nerves in other systems. These results suggest that the regulation of DA synthesis in terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic and tuberohypophyseal nerves is different from that in tuberoinfundibular nerves in that the latter nerves appear to lack an autoreceptor regulatory mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01259333
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of a behaviorally active dose ofα-melanotropin on biochemical indices of dopaminergic neuronal activity in the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 55 (1982), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made to correlate behavioral changes in the male rat following an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection ofα-melanotropin (α-MSH, 10μg) with biochemical estimates of the activities of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal dopaminergic neurons. ICV injection ofα-MSH elicited body snaking, stretching, yawning and penile erections. The concentrations of dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the rate of DA synthesis (accumulation of DOPA after the inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase) in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, septum, median eminence and posterior pituitary were unaltered at any time (30–180 min) after ICV injection ofα-MSH. Intraperitoneal injection ofα-MSH (100μg/kg) also failed to change the rate of DOPA accumulation in these brain regions. These results imply that the behaviors observed afterα-MSH are not associated with changes in the activity of DA neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276575
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential action of bromocriptine on nigrostriatal versus mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 68 (1987), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Bromocriptine ; apomorphine ; lergotrile ; dopamine ; dopamine agonist ; dopamine synthesis ; dopamine autoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken to compare the abilities of the dopaminergic agonists apomorphine, bromocriptine, and lergotrile to inhibit the synthesis of dopamine (DA) in terminals of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA neurons. Thein vivo synthesis of DA was estimated by measuring the rate of accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in terminals of nigrostriatal (striatum) and mesolimbic (nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle) neurons 30 min after the administration of NSD 1015, a decarboxylase inhibitor. The activation of DA autoreceptors in these regions was evaluated by measuring the abilities of the DA agonists to inhibit DA synthesis in brain regions of rats pretreated with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). Apomorphine (0.03–1.0 mg/kg for 45 min) and bromocriptine (0.1–10 mg/kg for 90 min) produced dose-dependent decreases in the rate of DA synthesis in all three brain regions of both vehicle- and GBL-treated rats. A time course of the effects of the highest dose of bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), however, demonstrated dramatic regional differences in the ability of this drug to inhibit DA synthesis in saline-versus GBL-pretreated rats. Bromocriptine inhibited the GBL-induced increase in DA synthesis for 6 hours in all regions examined. In the striatum of saline-treated rats the decrease in DA synthesis was evident only at 1.5 hours after bromocriptine administration, while in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle DA synthesis remained inhibited for 6 hours. By contrast, lergotrile reduced DA synthesis to a similar extent in all three regions for at least 6 hours in both vehicle- and GBL-treated rats. These results suggest that there is no regional difference in the ability of bromocriptine to inhibit DA synthesis via DA autoreceptor mechanisms, but there appear to be differences in post-synaptic DA receptor-mediated mechanisms which regulate nigrostriatal versus mesolimbic DA neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244637
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