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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Anal sphincters ; Fecal incontinence ; Manometry ; Electromyography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical anal examination, manometry (resting and squeeze pressures), and single-fiber electromyography were compared with endosonography of the anal sphincters in 14 patients with fecal incontinence. Technical aspects of the procedure and normal imaging of the puborectal muscle and both sphincters were defined. Defects in both sphincters were seen in nine patients. The defect is visualized as a clear discontinuity in the muscular ring. Compared with the conventional studies, anal endosonography gave significant information in six patients (four male patients after perianal surgery and two women), showing sphincter defects in five patients and integrity of the sphincters in another one. This information obtained by endosonography was important in understanding the type and extension of the lesion and deciding upon the surgical repair. Anal endosonography is an imaging technique of the sphincters that can assess their integrity in fecal incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Monoclonal antibody ; Lymphoscintigraphy ; Kinetics ; Dosimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 11 patients with rectal cancer, a mixture of F(ab′)2 fragments of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen and anti-CA 19.9 labelled with a diagnostic dose of iodine-131 (3–10 MBq) was administered submucosally around the tumour. In this study, the local kinetics in and the dose to the rectal wall, the whole body kinetics and the effective dose equivalent are presented. The early disappearance of the activity from the injection spot was characterized by a T 1/2 of 21 h. Initially, about 50% of the plasma activity was due to free 131I. After 4 h, the plasma activity was almost completely protein bound (86%). Maximum plasma activity was observed after the 2nd day. From 72 h p.i., the plasma activity decreased with a T 1/2 of 53 h. In the first 24 h, 14% of the injected dose was excreted in the urine and within 4 days about half of the administered activity. The absorbed radiation dose to the rectal wall was estimated to be 0.2 Gy/MBq, presuming a 20 cm3 distribution volume. The dose to the bone marrow was 0.2 mGy/MBq or 0.4 mGy/MBq, assuming a homogeneous tracer distribution or equal blood and bone marrow activity concentrations, respectively. The effective dose equivalent is 1.9 mSv/MBq, mainly determined by the dose to the rectal wall and to a lesser extent by the dose to the remaining body. Postulating comparable kinetics, 123I- or 111In- or 99mTc-labelled fragments would result in 4-25-fold lower effective dose equivalents. We conclude that the theoretical advantages of the local administration of 131I-labelled antibodies for diagnostic purposes in patients with rectal cancer are not limited by our dosimetric data. Nevertheless, we advocate the use of other radiolabels with more appropriate imaging qualities and probably a lower radiation burden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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