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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. 364-368 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the histopathologic features of scar tissue which have proliferated at the site of trabeculectomy of surgical failures after procedures with and without the use of the antimetabolite mitomycin C (MMC). • Methods: We obtained seven surgical specimens after trabeculectomy without MMC and five specimens after trabeculectomy with MMC, which were compared with 23 controls. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff-van Gieson, Grocott methenamine silver, and alcian blue. An immunohistochemical stain was performed for α-smooth muscle actin. • Results: Specimens from eyes operated without MMC showed dense scar tissue with many fibroblasts, much ground substance, parallel-oriented collagen fibers, and contractile intracellular proteins within the fibroblasts. Specimens from eyes operated with MMC consisted of tissue with only few fibroblasts which did not exhibit contractile proteins. Collagen fibers were arranged randomly with less ground substance. • Conclusion: Even after 1–10 months, the scar tissue was distinctly different in the two groups. These results suggest that the use of MMC has long-term effects in vivo. Surgical failures related to scar formation are possible and not reduced to zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diclofenac ; Flurbiprofen ; Indomethacin ; Kataraktoperation ; Nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika ; Key words Diclofenac sodium ; Flurbiprofen ; Indomethacin ; Cataract surgery ; Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In a prospective, randomised, double-masked, parallel-group study we compared the antiinflammatory effect of diclofenac sodium 0.1%, flurbiprofen 0.03%, and indomethacin 1.0% ophthalmic suspension in 99 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation. The reduction in anterior chamber flare from day 1, as measured with the laser flare-meter (FM-500, KOWA) on day 4 – 5 postoperatively was significantly greater in the diclofenac group than with flurbiprofen (p = 0.022). Patients treated with diclofenac had significantly less burning and stinging than patients on flurbiprofen and indomethacin on postoperative days 4 – 5 (p〈0.0001) and 12 – 14 (p = 0.001). Diclofenac sodium appears to be more potent than flurbiprofen in controlling intraocular inflammation after cataract surgery, while having better local tolerance than flurbiprofen or indomethacin.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden prospektiven, randomisierten und vergleichenden doppelt maskierten Studie wurde der entzündungshemmende Effekt von Diclofenac-0,1%- Flurbiprofen-0,03%- und Indomethacin- 1,0%-Augentropfen bei der postoperativen Behandlung nach Phakoemulsifikation mit Hinterkammerlinsenimplantation an 99 Patienten untersucht. Die Differenz zwischen den am 1. und am 4. bis 5. postoperativen Tag mit einem Laser-flare-Meter FM-500 (Fa. KOWA) gemessenen Flare-Werten in der Vorderkammer war in der Diclofenacgruppe signifikant größer als bei den mit Flurbiprofen behandelten Probanden (p = 0,022). Zusätzlich gaben die Patienten der Diclofenacgruppe verglichen mit Flurbiprofen und Indomethacin signifikant weniger Brennen und Stechen im Augenbereich an (4. bis 5. Tag: p〈0,0001; 12. bis 14. Tag: p = 0,001). Zusammenfassend scheint Diclofenac den postoperativen Intraokularreiz nach Kataraktoperation mehr zu reduzieren als Flurbiprofen und bietet zusätzlich den Vorteil einer besseren lokalen Verträglichkeit als Flurbiprofen und Indomethacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 94 (1997), S. 754-769 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zur Glaukomtherapie Es wird angenommen, daß 7 Millionen Menschen weltweit an Glaukom erkrankt sind und/oder behandelt werden. Ein Teil dieser Patienten ist bereits an der Erkrankung erblindet. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WhO) geht davon aus, daß die Glaukome auch im 21. Jahrhundert Ursache für 20% aller Erblindungen auf dieser Erde sein werden. Für die USA wird postuliert, daß 50% aller Pateinten ihre Glaukomerkrankung nicht kennen und dadurch etwa 120.000 Amerikaner jedes Jahr ihr Sehen verlieren, während weitere 900.000 Patienten eine Verschlechterung ihrer Erkrankung erfahren. Der erhöhte Augeninnendruck zählt zu den Hauptrisikofaktoren der Glaukome. Gleichzeitig stellt die medikamentöse Augeninnendrucksenkung diejenige Therapieform dar, die – bei hinreichend konsequenter Durchführung – eine Stabilität der Gesichtsfelder und Papillen über Jahre hinweg gewährleisten kann. Diese palliative Therapie basiert auf der Lokalapplikation von Beta-Rezeptorenblockern, (2-Agonisten, Karboanhydrasehemmern und Parasympathomimetika. Die Parasympathomimetika bildeten bisher die einzige Substanzgruppe, mit der medikamentös die Fazilität (C) verbessert werden konnte, ohne die Kammerwassersekretion relevant zu beeinflussen. In den Offenwinkelglaukomen ist die Fazilität (C) pathologisch erniedrigt; Kammerwasser kann das Auge nicht in hinreichenden Volumina verlassen – der IOD steigt. Durch Miotika wird eine Verbesserung dieser Abflußleichtigkeit (C) via Kontraktion der pars longitudinalis des Ziliarmuskels, deren Fasern in das Trabekelmaschenwerk ausstrahlen, erreicht. Die Fazilitätsverbesserung von Parasympathomimetika ist tonographisch und fluorophoto-metrisch verifiziert worden. Die häufigsten Nebenwirkungen der Miotika (Myopisierung, Miosis, Ziliarkörperspasmen, "Verdunklung") wurden von den Patienten in den letzten 20 Jahren meist geduldig ertragen. Die PG-Analoge stellen nun eine abflußwirksame Alternative zu den bekannten Antiglaukomatosa dar.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontaktzyklophotokoagulation ; Therapierefraktäre Glaukome ; Nd: YAG-Laser ; Key words Contact cyclophotocoagulation ; Therapy-refractive glaucoma ; Nd: YAG laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Purpose: In recent years, transscleral contact-cyclophotocoagulation has increasingly been used for the treatment of therapy-refractive glaucomas. The dose-effect correlation varies according to different authors. In this retrospective study, we tried to determine whether there is a dose-effect correlation of transscleral contact-cyclophotocoagulation. Methods: Following diagnosis, 124 eyes of 113 patients (age range 49.9±26.5 years) were included in the study. The laser parameters used were reviewed along with the intraocular pressure (IOP) before treatment, after treatment and during the follow-up (mean 6 months). Results: The IOP of 45.2% (56) of 124 eyes was 〈22 mmHg. In 25.8% (32 eyes) a retreatment was necessary. No correlation between energy and decrease of IOP was found (P rs = 0.08 nonsignificant, Spearmann rank correlation). The IOP was reduced from 35.8±10.5 mmHg preoperatively to 26.3±10.5 mmHg at the end of follow-up (P≈0, Wilcoxon test). Therapy could be reduced by up to three antiglaucomatous drugs in therapy-refractive eyes. Conclusions: These data show that a decrease of about 10 mmHg of the IOP is possible using transscleral contact-cyclophotocoagulation. In therapy-refractive eyes, fewer drugs were needed to reach an IOP 〈22 mmHg. Regardless of the diagnosis, a dose-effect correlation between the decrease of IOP and laser energy was not found.
    Notes: Die Kontaktzyklophotokoagulation hat im Vergleich zur Kryokoagulation des Ziliarkörpers bei der Behandlung von therapierefraktären Glaukomen an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bezüglich der optimalen Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung bestehen divergierende Meinungen; dies wurde in der vorliegenden Studie retrospektiv analysiert. Patienten: In 124 Augen von 113 Patienten (Altersverteilung 49,9±26,5 Jahre) wurden entsprechend der Diagnose die Laserparameter mit dem intraokularen Druck (IOD) vor der Therapie, bei der Entlassung und am Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums (Mittelwert: 186 Tage postoperativ) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Von 124 Augen waren nach dem Beobachtungszeitraum 56 Augen (45,2%) unter Therapie druckreguliert (IOD 〈22 mmHg). 32 Augen (25,8%) wurden bis zu 5mal gelasert. Die Korrelation von Laserenergie und Drucksenkung betrug p rs = 0,08 und ist somit nicht signifikant (Rangkorrelation Spearman). Der IOD wurde im Mittel um 9,5 mmHg, von 35,8±10,5 mmHg auf 26,3±10,5 mmHg, signifikant gesenkt (p≅0, Wilcoxon-Test). Aufgrund dieser IOD-Senkung konnte die medikamentöse Therapie postoperativ im Durchschnitt um 3 Antiglaukomatosa je Patient gesenkt werden. Schlußfolgerung: Die vorliegenden Daten deuten an, daß eine Senkung des IOD um etwa 10 mmHg durch die Kontaktzyklophotokoagulation möglich ist. Eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zwischen Laserenergie und IOD-Senkung konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Latanoprost is a PGF2α analogue which reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the uveoscleral outflow. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two different regimens of latanoprost on the diurnal IOP and also the effect of latanoprost on the blood-aqueous barrier measured with a laser flare cell meter (Kowa FM-500). Moreover, the safety aspects of the two regimens regarding hyperemia were studied. • Methods: A double-masked, randomized study was performed in 30 patients (9 males, 21 females; mean age 61.9 years) with primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Twenty patients were treated with latanoprost 0.0015% twice daily or 0.005% once daily for 3 weeks in a cross-over design. Ten patients received timolol 0.5% twice daily as control. • Results: Latanoprost 0.005% once daily reduced IOP (± SEM) more effectively than latanoprost 0.0015% twice daily (9.8±0.9 mm Hg and 6.7±0.9 mm Hg, respectively). There was a statistically significant increase in the aqueous humour protein concentration within the timolol group (P=0.004), but not within the latanoprost group (P=0.97). There was no statistically significant difference in the change in aqueous humour protein concentration from baseline between latanoprost and timolol groups (P=0.08). No statistically significant difference in conjunctival hyperemia between the two latanoprost regimens was found (P=0.37). • Conclusion: Latanoprost 0.005% once daily reduced IOP more effectively than latanoprost 0.0015% twice daily (P〈0.001). Latanoprost had no statistically or clinically significant effect on the blood-aqueous barrier. There was no difference in hyperemia between the two regimens. Both concentrations of latanoprost reduced IOP at least as well as timolol 0.5% eye drops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: glaucoma ; Mitomycin C ; nerve ; pathology ; rabbit ; toxicity ; trabeculectomy ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prolonged postoperative hypotony is a severe complication frequently associated with trabeculectomies performed with a single perioperative application of Mitomycin C. We performed an animal experiment using 8 pigmented rabbits applying different concentrations of Mitomycin C, ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 mg/ml, under the conjunctiva on the intact sclera for 5 minutes. The eyes were examined by light and electron microscopy after 4 weeks. The nerves within the ciliary body in areas adjacent to the region of treatment showed toxic effects related to the concentrations of Mitomycin C applied. In cases where small concentrations were used, only the unmyelinated nerves were damaged with the myelinated remaining intact. In eyes treated with high concentrations, both groups of nerves exhibited severe signs of destruction. This effect is likely to compromise the production of aqueous humor in rabbits, and possibly also in humans.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 229 (1991), S. 274-276 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Computerized anterior-chamber fluorophotometry was used to investigate the effect of unilateral antiglaucomatous trabeculectomy on the dynamics of aqueous humor in the unoperated fellow eye. In 14 patients with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma, antiglaucomatous trabeculectomy was performed in one eye in which medical management of glaucoma had failed. The fellow eye in all patients had a well-defined history of glaucoma and had been treated with different sorts of medication. The medical management of the unoperated fellow eyes was continued throughout the study. Aqueous humor flow was measured in these eyes prior to surgery and on the 5th day after trabeculectomy. Systemic medication was discontinued from 48 h prior to surgery until second fluorophotometry. The average postoperative flow in the fellow eyes increased from 2.56 to 2.92 μl/min (P〈0.05%, paired t-test). The increase in flow in the fellow eyes was independent of topical antiglaucoma medication and of the diurnal rhythm of aqueous humor dynamics. The results of the study indicate that filtration surgery in one eye triggers a CNS-mediated, reflective increase in aqueous flow to maintain physiological stability in the anterior chamber of the surgically treated eye. Since this CNS reflex on aqueous humor dynamics affects both eyes, the clinical observation of intraocular pressure (10P) dysregulation in the unoperated fellow eye following unilateral trabeculectomy is now understandable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 232 (1994), S. 145-147 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 19 healthy volunteers (9 men, 10 women) we studied the effect of drinking 1000 ml of water within 10 min on aqueous humor dynamics. Fluorescein was applied topically five times, 6 h before measurements. All readings were taken during the afternoon. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the statistical relevance of the data. Aqueous humor flow was measured 60 min before (F1) and 10 min (F2), 30 min (F3), 60 min (F4) and 90 min (F5) after drinking 11 of water. Flow (mean ± SD) changed as follows: F1, 2.25 ± 1.2 μll/min ; F2, −3.29 ± 3.4 μ/min (P 〈 0.0000); F3, 1.69 ± 1.0 gml/min (P=0.007); F4, 2.39±0.9 μl/min (P=0.25); F5, 2.64±0.9 μl/min (P=0.02). Three to four days later the identical procedure was performed in each individual: F1, 2.06 ± 1.0 μl/min F2, −3.12 ± 2.4 μl/min (P 〈 0.0000); F3, 1.09 ± 0.6 μl/min (P 〈 0.0001); F4, 1.76 ± 0.6 μl/min (P=0.15); F5, 2.54±0.8 μl/min (P=0.01). The correlation coefficient for the left and night eyes (F1–F5, both days) was r=0.85. The mean flow in the 19 healthy volunteers during the afternoon hours was 2.25 ± 1.0 μl/min. Water load consistently led to a reflux of unbound fluorescein into the eye about 10 min later. This is documented as a negative flow. Ninety minutes after drinking 1000 ml of water there is a significant increase in flow, which is in contrast to the normal diurnal curve of aqueous humor dynamics. Water load causes hydremia and an increase in episcleral venous pressure. Fluorophotometry together with water load may be useful to study the aqueous humor dynamics in healthy and glaucomatous eyes and eyes with ocular hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 236 (1998), S. 940-944 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Background: For the past 5 years, a 56-year-old patient has been displaying monocular progressive pigmentary changes in the left eye. Heterochromy of the left eye has been known since childhood. The other eye is clinically and functionally normal. The patient was adopted and he has no children. Therefore, we have no family history. · Methods: The patient was examined clinically and by means of electroretinography, electrooculography, perimetry, computer tomography, pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) measurement, serology and Doppler sonography. · Results: Electrophysiology displayed a considerable reduction of scotopic and photopic ERGs, a reduced dark-through, and a reduced light-rise in the left eye, whereas the fellow eye was normal. The visual field was limited to 5 deg around the fixation point, and a peripheral crescent-shaped arch encircled the temporal-inferior quadrant concomitant to the pigmentary changes. By computer tomography and Doppler sonography a vascular affection was excluded. The left eye displayed lower POBF values. All serological tests were found negative. · Conclusion: The clinical picture and negative exclusion criteria indicate a unilateral retinitis pigmentosa. However, with regard to the literature an unequivocal diagnosis can only be made upon hereditary evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 237 (1999), S. 720-724 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the acceptance and reproducibility of a new self-tonometer (Ocuton S) and to compare it with the Goldmann applanation tonometer. · Methods: The Ocuton S was studied in 20 healthy volunteers and 100 patients. After detailed explanation to each individual and a number of test measurements, we studied the reproducibility and accuracy of the Ocuton S in 20 healthy volunteers with and without topical anaesthesia. Acceptance was graded by means of visual analogue scales. Each volunteer had to measure his/her own IOP in three consecutive measurements. The data were compared with Goldmann tonometry at random times. One hundred patients were introduced to the Ocuton S. Either three consecutive self-measurements of IOP were performed and then compared with three consecutive measurements by Goldmann tonometry, or vice versa. This was done randomly. · Results: Forty-one of 100 patients were unable to perform three consecutive measurements with the Ocuton S after at least 15 min introduction time to the device (non-success). Fifty-nine of 100 patients were able to measure their IOP with the Ocuton S. The mean pressure value with the Ocuton S was 23.2±8.2 mmHg, compared with Goldmann 18.4±5.7 mmHg. The difference of 5±5.7 mmHg was statistically significant (paired t-test p〈0.01). The visual analogue scale scores of healthy volunteers (100 mm = maximal comfort, 0 mm = not acceptable), was 72±31 in anaesthetised eyes and 39±41 mm without anaesthesia. · Conclusion: The Ocuton S seems to be an acceptable means for the majority of patients of measuring their IOP at home. Refinement of the accuracy of the device seems necessary.
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