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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of in vivo growth on the cellular and extracellular components of the marine bacterial pathogen Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, was grown in vivo. Bacterial cells and extracellular products (ECPs) were analysed via electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis, using specific sea bass antisera. Growth in vivo induced the synthesis of unique bacterial cell proteins at 〉206, 206, 21.3, 18, 7.6 and 〈7.6 kDa. Sea bass serum raised against live bacterial cells of the pathogen and especially a sea bass serum raised against formalin-inactivated bacterial cells grown in a specific novel medium recognized the novel antigens at 〉206 (associated with iron sequestration), 21.3, 7.6 and 〈7.6 kDa, suggesting that the latter medium conserves the synthesis of natural bacterial cell proteins in vitro. In vivo growth of the pathogen induced the synthesis of more toxic ECPs in comparison with in vitro growth and an inverse correlation between total protein concentration in the ECPs and toxicity per unit of protein was observed. Substrate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed the presence of in vivo synthesized ECPs of the pathogen (proteases) at 175, 132, 〈79 and 48.3 kDa. Histological examination of tissues isolated from fish injected with these ECPs revealed inflammatory and necrotic lesions in the spleen, liver, head kidney, intestine and heart as soon as 48 h post-introduction of the ECPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00513.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccination trials of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), against Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, using novel vaccine mixtures (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacterial cells of the marine fish pathogen Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida were grown in novel culture media. A mixture of whole cells and extracellular components was inactivated and used in bath, intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral vaccination of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, employing two sizes of fish. A commercial vaccine was used for comparative purposes. Control and immunized fish were either bath or intraperitoneally challenged 6 and 12 weeks post-vaccination. Small fish had significantly higher relative percentage survival with the novel vaccine mixture both at 6 and 12 weeks post-vaccination by bath, in comparison with the commercial vaccine. No protection was afforded at 6 or 12 weeks post-immunization by either vaccine after challenge via i.p. injection. Sea bass (1.5–2 g) intraperitoneally vaccinated with various adjuvanted vaccine mixtures were not protected against pasteurellosis. In contrast, larger sea bass (20 g) benefited from vaccination with the novel vaccine mixtures. Intraperitoneal challenge with the pathogen resulted in protection in both fish groups vaccinated with novel vaccine mixtures, whereas control fish suffered high mortalities (〉80%). Orally vaccinated fish were immersion challenged with the pathogen. At 6 and 12 weeks post-vaccination the control fish had a high mortality and the fish vaccinated with the novel vaccine mixture achieved good protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00438.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of media formulations promoting differential antigen expression by Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida and recognition by sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), immune sera (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida (Phdp) isolates were grown in various bacteriological media, in eukaryotic cell culture media and in the presence of fish cells (resembling some aspects of in vivo growth environments). Bacterial cells, extracellular products (ECPs) and crude capsular polysaccharide were isolated and analysed by electrophoresis and Western blot using sea bass sera. Growth in bacteriological media conserved the synthesis of cell and extracellular components when these were compared with those prepared under near-in vivo growth conditions. In fact, synthesis of a larger range of cell components was induced after growth in bacteriological media. Certain media based on yeast extract and peptones from various sources and a specific salt formulation induced the synthesis of novel cell components at approximately 21.3 and 14 kDa. These antigens were recognized by sea bass sera collected after natural pasteurellosis outbreaks and other sea bass sera raised against live or inactivated Phdp cells. The ECPs of the pathogen were not good immunogens in their soluble form despite various treatments prior to immunization. The results are discussed with respect to vaccine development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00425.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism during sepsis in the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biochemistry 21 (1989), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-711X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-711X(89)90366-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of two new α-glucosidase inhibitors on glycemic control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: α-glucosidase Inhibitors ; Diabetes ; Glycemic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary BAYo1248 and BAYm1099 are two new α-glucosidase inhibitors. Postprandial glucose tolerance was significantly improved and post-prandial insulin requirements were significantly reduced as compared to placebo after breakfast and lunch when 20 mg BAYo1248 were administered prior to breakfast and after breakfast, lunch and dinner when 50 mg BAYm1099 were given prior to all three main meals. Postprandial breath H2 concentrations were mildly increased when these α-glucosidase inhibitors were given and no patient complained of any adverse effects (such as flatulence, abdominal pain or diarrhea). BAYo1248 and BAYm1099 might be useful adjuncts to insulin in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727525
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the diuretic furosemide on the sensitivity of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis to insulin in the soleus muscle of the rat (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 58-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Furosemide ; insulin sensitivity ; skeletal muscle ; adenosine receptor agonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The diuretic furosemide (0.5 mmol/l) impaired glucose uptake in the soleus muscle of the rat by decreasing the sensitivity of glycolysis to insulin. In addition, at higher concentrations (1.0 mmol/l) the drug inhibited the basal rate of glycolysis. It did not, however, inhibit the rate of glycogen synthesis except at a concentration of 6.0 mmol/l. Since furosemide has some structural similarities to adenosine, the above effects on insulin sensitivity may be due to its ability to act as an adenosine receptor agonist in muscle. These effects of furosemide in skeletal muscle may contribute to the glucose intolerance following therapy with this and similar agents in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279135
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some thoughts on the importance of insulin in the regulation of the blood glucose level (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; fatty acids ; insulin-like growth factors ; Cori cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Insulin can influence rates of glucose utilization by muscle and possibly other tissues via both direct and indirect effects. It can control the rate of fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle, and the latter inhibits glucose utilization and oxidation. Insulin may influence the levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II, both of which have effects on rates of glucose utilization by muscle. The intertissue cycle between glucose and lactate — the Cori cycle, which is influenced by insulin — may provide another novel mechanism for control of blood glucose. How far other anti-insulin hormones affect these processes is not clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged hyperglycaemia during infusion of glucose and somatostatin impairs pancreatic A- and B-cell responses to decrements in plasma glucose in normal man: evidence for induction of altered sensitivity to glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: A cell ; B cell ; insulin ; glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the effects of prolonged hyperglycaemia on pancreatic islet A- and B-cell function, plasma glucose was clamped for 12 h at approximately 11 and 5 mmol/l in control experiments by infusing glucose and somatostatin along with replacement amounts of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone in seven normal volunteers. Following restitution of euglycaemia for 1 h after prolonged hyperglycaemia, termination of the somatostatin-replacement hormone infusions resulted in a sustained decrease in plasma glucose to 3 mmol/l (p〈0.01). Despite this, plasma glucagon did not increase above values observed in control experiments in which plasma glucose did not decrease; moreover, there was a persistent increase in insulin secretion nearly threefold above that observed in control experiments (p〈0.01). Plasma growth hormone, cortisol and adrenaline responses were appropriate. This failure of a decrement in plasma glucose to suppress insulin secretion and to stimulate glucagon secretion was not observed when comparable hypoglycaemia was induced by exogenous insulin after a prolonged euglycaemic clamp. Our results indicate that hyperglycaemia can induce altered sensitivity of pancreatic A and B cells to glucose and suggest that abnormal A- and B-cell responses to glucose in diabetes mellitus may not represent a wholly intrinsic defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279917
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