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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal Connections of the Motor Neocortical Area with the Contralateral Thalamus in the Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase unilateral injections in various neocortical areas (prefrontal, somatosensory, auditory, visual) of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) brain resulted in labelling of nuclei in the ipsilateral thalamus known from studies in other species and in the hedgehog to project to these areas. However, injections in the motor area resulted in retrograde and anterograde labelling of nuclei in both the ipsilateral and contralateral thalamus. These nuclei included the ventral lateral nucleus (VL), the intralaminar nuclei (ILN), the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and midline nuclei. Large unilateral injections located mainly laterally in the thalamus labelled cells, contralaterally, in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the intergeniculate leaflet and the reticular nucleus of the thalamus but never in VL, ILN and MD. The present results confirm previously described bilateral thalamocortical projections from the VL to the somatosensorimotor area in this species (Regidor and Divac, Brain Behav. Evol., 39, 265–269, 1992) and in addition demonstrate that (i) bilateral thalamocortical projections are established preferentially with the motor area, (ii) several nuclei are involved in such connections, (iii) these connections are reciprocal and topographically organized, and (iv) labelling in the contralateral thalamus observed in the present study is not a result of transneuronal transport of the tracer through thalamothalamic connections. This organization is unique among mammals and supports previous anatomical and electrophysiological findings, on the basis of which it has been suggested that the hedgehog retains a primitive character in neocortical and thalamic evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00280.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamic projections to the posterior sylvian and posterior ectosylvian gyri of the sheep brain, revealed with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 175 (1986), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Auditory cortex ; Thalamus ; Thalamocortical connections ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The auditory area of the sheep cerebral cortex was studied on the basis of its afferents from the medial geniculate nucleus, traced with the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport method. The results show that the medial geniculate nucleus projects only to the anterior parts of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus and the posterior sylvian gyrus. A small area of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus receives afferents exclusively from the ventral part of the medial geniculate nucleus, while the anterior part of the posterior sylvian gyrus receives also afferents from the posterior nucleus of the thalamus and the pulvinar. In addition, it was found that the medial part of the medial geniculate nucleus projects in a sparse way to the auditory cortex. The middle part of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus receives afferents from the posterior nucleus of the thalamus, the suprageniculate nucleus and the pulvinar, while the posterior part of the posterior ectosylvian gyrus together with the posteriormost part of the posterior sylvian gyrus receive afferents from the pulvinar. Finally, the area located between the anterior and the posteriormost part of the posterior sylvian gyrus receives afferents from both the posterior nucleus of the thalamus and the pulvinar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315458
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal projections in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Primary optic fibers ; Insectivores-(3H)-Leucine ; HRP-histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retinal projections of the hedgehog were studied using tritiated leucine and horseradish peroxidase as orthograde tracers. In both series of experiments labeling was seen bilaterally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the dorsal and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, and the pretectal area and contralaterally in the terminal nuclei (dorsal, lateral and medial) of the accessory optic system. A retino-intergeniculate leaflet projection is described for the first time in this species, and its significance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309753
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical and brain stem projections to the spinal cord of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 178 (1988), S. 259-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cortex ; Brain stem ; Spinal afferents ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Hedgehog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cortical and brain stem neurons projecting to the spinal cord in the hedgehog were studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing method. HRP injections were placed in the first cervical segments, in the cervical enlargement (C5-T3) and in the lumbar enlargement. Following injections in the first cervical segments and in the cervical enlargement labelled neurons were observed in the somatic motor and somatic sensory cortices, the paraventricular and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, the nuclei of field H of Forel, the red nucleus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the periaqueductal grey, the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, the loci coeruleus and subcoeruleus, the nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, raphe magnus, raphe pallidus, and raphe obscurus, the rhombencephalic reticular formation, the lateral, medial and caudal vestibular nuclei, the nucleus ambiguus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the gracile nucleus. After HRP injections in the lumbar enlargement, labelled neurons were not found in the cortex, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, the nuclei of field H of Forel, the superior colliculus and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. These results show that cortical and brain stem projection to the spinal cord are comparable to those described in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of basal forebrain projections to the rat visual cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 563-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Basal forebrain ; Projections ; Visual cortex ; HRP histochemistry ; ChAT immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the basal forebrain projections to the visual cortex of the rat were studied using retrograde tracer techniques. Injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase placed in the visual cortex of newborn animals resulted in labelling of neurons throughout the basal forebrain nuclei. Although at this time the overall distribution of retrogradely labelled cells within the basal forebrain appeared similar to that seen in the adult, cells were smaller and weakly stained. It was only at the end of the second postnatal week that the somata of stained neurons showed sizes and staining intensity comparable to the adult. This precedes or coincides with the reported significant increases in cortical and basal forebrain ChAT activity and the first detection of ChAT-labelled fibres in this cortical area. These data suggest an important developmental point around the end of the second postnatal week that may correspond to the time when a significant number of cholinergic axons first appear within the visual cortex. They also suggest that the cholinergic projections to the visual cortex develop late in comparison with the thalamic and other subcortical afferents in this cortical area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248913
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological characterization of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca in the basal forebrain of the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 15 (1986), S. 619-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, was used to identify cholinergic neurons in the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca at the light and electron microscopic levels. ChAT-labelled somata were fusiform, triangular or round in shape and varied considerably in size. Depending on the type of the cell, one to four dendrites emerged from the soma, but an axon could rarely be seen. The nuclei of most cells were round or oval, showed invaginations and displayed prominent nucleoli. The karyoplasm of the larger fusiform and triangular neurons contained abundant organelles including parallel arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum. The synaptic input to labelled perikarya and proximal dendrites was sparse. It consisted chiefly of asymmetrical synaptic contacts, sometimes with postjunctional densities, but a few symmetrical synapses were also noted. ChAT-positive axon terminals were not identified which suggests that axon collaterals are rare within the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611861
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