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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the oxacillin disk screening test for determining Penicillin resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The 1 μg oxacillin disk diffusion screening test was performed on 1516 recent clinical isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae obtained in a 1994–1995 U.S. surveillance study and the results compared to penicillin MICs determined using a standardized broth microdilution method. The oxacillin disk screening method failed to distinguish penicillin-resistant strains from those that were intermediately susceptible. Furthermore, a high percentage (11.1 %) of penicillin-susceptible strains, for which MICs of penicillin were usually 0.06 or 0.03 μg/ml, yielded zone diameters of ≤ 19 mm with the oxacillin screen test and thus would have been falsely categorized as being resistant to penicillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695637
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of four methods in the diagnosis ofClostridium difficile disease (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 12 (1993), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nine hundred forty-five stool specimens from patients suspected of havingClostridium difficile disease were examined using a cell culture cytotoxicity assay (CTA), two enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits (Cytoclone for toxins A and B; VIDAS for toxin A) and a latex agglutination assay (CDT). One hundred nineteen specimens had positive titers (≥90) in the CTA; clinical review of 16 discordant samples and 49 controls supported the significance of 90 as the positive cut-off titer. The performance of the two EIAs and the latex assay was assessed relative to CTA titers of the samples. Sensitivity was ≤ 50 % for all three assays for the 24 specimens with CTA titers of 90, but it reached 97–100 % for the two EIAs and 84 % for the latex assay at titers of ≥ 2,250. The Cytoclone EIA exhibited higher sensitivity at the lower positive titers. Overall, specificity of the methods ranged from 96.7 % (CDT latex assay) to 99.1 % (Cytoclone EIA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02000416
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised disk diffusion interpretive criteria for cefaclor, loracarbef, cefprozil and cefixime when testingHaemophilus influenzae on Haemophilus Test Medium (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the current five-center collaborative study was to reassess the interpretive criteria for cefaclor, loracarbef, cefprozil and cefixime previously adopted or proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) for disk diffusion susceptibility tests withHaemophilus influenzae on Haemophilus Test Medium (HTM) agar. MICs and zones of inhibition were determined using NCCLS methods, HTM and two collections of strains ofHaemophilus influenzae. One group of strains consisted of 118 stock organisms taken largely from various recent U.S. antibiotic resistance surveillance studies. The emphasis in this selected group of organisms was on strains that were beta-lactamase negative but ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) by some other mechanism. The second collection of test organisms consisted of 50 recent clinical isolates ofHaemophilus influenzae obtained from each of the five participating study centers. This group was considered representative of the type ofHaemophilus influenzae currently recovered from clinical sources in the USA. Frequency distribution assessment and error-rate bounded analysis of scattergram comparisons of MICs and zone sizes were used to develop the following zone diameters interpretive for disk diffusion susceptibility tests withHaemophilus influenzae on HTM agar: cefaclor, ≥20 mm (susceptible, S) and ≤16 mm (resistant, R); loracarbef, ≥19 mm (S) and ≤15 mm (R); and cefprozil, 〉18 mm (S) and 〈14 mm (R). The respective MIC correlates for all three antimicrobial agents were ≤8 µg/ml (S) and 32 µg/ml (R). For cefixime, a zone diameter size of ≥21 mm was recommended to define the susceptible category, with an MIC correlate of ≤1 µg/ml. Only a susceptible category was defined for cefixime testing. These new interpretive criteria have recently been adopted by the NCCLS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974638
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disk diffusion susceptibility testing ofHaemophilus influenzae using Haemophilus test medium (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 9 (1990), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A three-center collaborative study was performed with the aim of determining the reproducibility of disk diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility tests ofHaemophilus influenzae with 19 different antimicrobial agents using a newly described medium, Haemophilus Test Medium. The results of both methods were found to be highly reproducible. Using Haemophilus Test Medium, inhibitory zone diameters and MICs were then determined for 150 test strains ofHaemophilus influenzae, selected with an emphasis on known mechanisms of resistance. Regression analysis of zone diameter-MIC comparisons was used to define zone diameter interpretive criteria and MIC correlates for Haemophilus Test Medium disk diffusion tests performed withHaemophilus spp. for the following antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefixime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, imipenem, aztreonam and ciprofloxacin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973739
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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