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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between herbicide concentration and the rates of enzymatic degradation of14C-diallate and14C-triallate in soil (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 9 (1980), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of concentration on the rates, routes and patterns of loss of [carbonyl-14C] diallate and [allyl-2-14C] triallate from an agricultural soil was studied in the laboratory for up to 52 weeks using an incubation system that allowed 95 to 98% recoveries of the added14C. Based on comparison of the half-lives, diallate was dissipated from soil at three to four times the rate of triallate at all five concentrations (0.25 to 50 μg/g) tested. The major routes of loss, in descending order of importance, were degradation, bound residue formation, and volatilization. With both herbicides,14CO2 was the only degradation product identified; however, large quantities of bound residue and traces of benzene- and water-soluble radioactivity were also detected. Evidence for the biodegradability of the bound residue of diallate was given. Although dissipation rates could not be described by zero-, half-, first-, or second-order kinetics, a reaction order between first- and second- was indicated. Enzymatic material in the soil had the potential to degrade at least one μg/g diallate within 24 hr and 0.5 μg/g triallate within 72 hr. However, when these quantities of herbicide were applied as initial dosages to the soil, measurable amounts of the parent molecules could be detected after 30 (diallate) and 52 (triallate) weeks of incubation. It was concluded that a primary factor influencing the rates of enzymatic degradation of herbicides in the soil is a physical separation of the herbicide molecules and the enzymatic systems responsible for degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01057406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of selected pesticides on the microbial degradation of14C-triallate and14C-diallate in soil (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 9 (1980), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Degradation in soil of [allyl-2-14Ctriallate and [carbonyl-14 Cdiallate herbicides, as affected by other selected pesticides, was studied in an incubation system that allowed recovery of 95 to 100% of added14C. The amount and sequence of pesticide additions simulated field use in the protection of wheat (triallate) and sugar beets (diallate). Neither the rate nor the pattern of triallate degradation in soil was influenced by the following sequence of formulated pesticides: dinoseb acetate, (bentazon + dichlorprop + 2,4,5-T), 2,4-D, (chlorcholinchloride + cholinchloride), tridemorph, and thiophanate. Similarly, diallate degradation was unaffected by pyrazon, dimethoate, and thiophanate. The effect of azinphosmethyl was unclear. In contrast, chlorpyrifos reduced diallate degradation by approximately 14% relative to that occurring in the insecticide's absence. This effect was caused by chlorpyrifos and not its formulation components. Chlorpyrifos was also found to partially inhibit degradation of triallate in soil. Inhibition of neither herbicide was considered to be of ecological significance. Triallate, diallate, and thiophanate were applied at 1μg/g; all others were at 2μg/g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055505
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the mode of action of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (1973)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 88 (1973), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A radiorespirometric technique was used to determine the effects of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (NaMDC) on uptake and oxidation of glucose by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The principal glucose oxidation pathway of the fungus was found to be the pentose cycle. Shifts to other oxidation pathways were not significant even when the fungus was treated with extremely high concentrations of NaMDC (5×10-2 M). Only when zinc ions were added to NaMDC solutions were shifts in pathway (and a drastic increase in toxicity) noted. The main effect of NaMDC was to delay the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2. In the concentration range between 0.5 to 10.0×10-2 M NaMDC dose response curves were bimodal with respect to spore germination, colony development, and CO2 production; with respect to glucose uptake the curves were unimodal. The bimodal dosage response curves could be divided into a first zone of inhibition, a zone of reversed toxicity, and a second zone of inhibition. Within the first zone of inhibition, colony development proved to be more sensitive to NaMDC than spore germination. In the zone of reversed toxicity the incorporation of carbon into the spores drops sharply, while in the second zone of inhibition a strong inhibition of glucose uptake is the dominating effect. It is indicated that NaMDC interfers with biosynthetic activities rather than enzymes of catabolic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409946
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Pilzspektrum einer Bodenprobe (1960)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 35 (1960), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Some of the systematic requirements for the planning, carrying-out, and evaluation of a soil analysis are discussed. 2. The numerical data of a 13 times repeated analysis of a soil are set out in relative frequency groups. 3. The homogeneity of fungal distribution within the investigated soil sample is considered on the basis of dominance and frequency. 4. The present status of the isolation methods under consideration are subjected to critical examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Pilzspektrum einer Bodenprobe (1960)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 35 (1960), S. 229-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446824
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Pilzspektrum einer Bodenprobe (1960)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 35 (1960), S. 310-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acids in exudates of healthy and fungus-affected pea roots (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 70 (1970), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids in exudates of uninoculated pea roots were compared quantitatively and qualitatively with exudates of roots inoculated with Gliocladium catenulatum. This fungus has the potential of causing severe root necrosis. Twenty-one amino acids were found in exudates of healthy roots and apparently some of these were utilized by the fungus. A relatively high concentration of ammonia was detected in exudates of inoculated pea roots, indicating an intense deamination by the fungus. No other imbalance in amino acids was found which could be related to known toxic effects of amino acids on plant tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of copper and zinc ions on toxicity of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (1973)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 88 (1973), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interactions between the fungicide, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (NaMDC), and fungitoxic or non-toxic levels of copper or zinc ions were reevaluated. It was shown that non-toxic levels of MaMDC generally reduce the fungitoxicity of copper sulfate solutions, while copper sulfate solutions of low toxicity, when combined with NaMDC solutions of low toxicity, yielded a highly toxic mixture with an UV spectrum similar to that of dimethylthiuram disulfide, a fungicide which is about 100 times more toxic to the test organism, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, as is the compound NaMDC. Fungi with a high sensitivity to copper ions are not suitable for demonstrating a toxic 1:1 complex between copper ions and the dithiocarbamate. In high concentrations NaMDC proved to be stable even in the presence of copper ions. In these cases, the significantly increased NaMDC toxicity, when combined with copper or zine sulfate, was attributed to the synergistic action of the metal ions on the semipermeability of cytoplasmatic membranes. Since bimodal dosage response curves were obtained for NaMDC in the absence of copper or zine ions in the test medium, the “inversion phenomenon” is probably limited to reactions inside the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409945
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Mikroflora des Ackerbodens in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Fruchtfolgen (1969)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 18 (1969), S. 274-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch den wiederholten Anbau artgleicher Kulturpflanzen werden im Boden Rückstände angereichert, die die Ausbildung spezifischer Dominanzen innerhalb einer Mikropopulation auslösen können. Die möglichen Populationsverschiebungen werden mit denen verglichen, die nach einer Bodenbearbeitung oder Anwendung von Agrochemikalien auftreten können. Die Beziehungen zwischen der mikrobiellen Aktivität des Bodens und der Entwicklung von Kulturpflanzen werden im Hinblick auf Höhe, Sicherheit und Qualität des Ertrages diskutiert.
    Abstract: Résumé Plusieurs reprises d'une monoculture provoquent, dans le sol, l'enrichissement de résidus qui peuvent produire la prédominance de certaines espèces microbiennes. Les changements possibles de la population sont comparés avec ceux-là qui peuvent sortir de la culture du sol ou de l'application de certains produits chimiques. Les relations entre l'activité microbienne du sol et le développement des plantes cultivées sont discutées en vue de quantité, qualité et sûreté du rendement.
    Notes: Abstract Repeated cropping with the same plant species results in an increase of residues in the soil which may cause the build-up of specific dominances within the micropopulation. The potential shifts in the population are compared with those occurring as a consequence of mechanical treatment as well as after the application of agrochemicals. The relations between the microbial activity of the soil and the development of crop plants are discussed with emphasis on quantity, stability and quality of yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100226
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Präsenz- und Aktivitätsanalysen an fungicidbehandelten Böden (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 42 (1969), S. 48-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329833
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