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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transthoracic electrical impedance as an index of extracellular fluid volume in man (1985)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 11 (1985), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Transthoracic electrical impedance ; Extracellular fluid volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Findings in 76 subjects without cardiac failure were analyzed to detect relationships between observed changes in transthoracic electrical impedance (TEI) and total body extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) during various manoeuvres and between absolute TEI and ECFV values. TEI was normalized to electrode distance (Z0/gDel) and ECFV to lean body mass (ECFV/LBM). A distircet relation was found between percent changes of TEI and ECFV (r=-0.76, p〈0.0001) and between absolute Z0/Δel and ECFV/LBM values (r=-0.66, p〈0.0001 for men; r=-0.61, p〈0.0001 for women). It is concluded that in the same subject a change in TEI is possibly a sensitive index for a change in ECFV and that a single measurement of TEI, normalized to electrode distance, gives information about the state of hydration (ECFV) of patients without cardiac failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256064
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol and practolol combined with chlorthalidone (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; beta blockade ; chlorthalidone ; plasma renin activity ; practolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double blind cross-over trial of fixed doses of propranolol (640 mg/day) and the cardioselective drug practolol (1600 mg/day) was performed in 28 patients with essential hypertension whose blood pressure was not adequately controlled by chlorthalidone (100 mg 3 times weekly) alone. Chlorthalidone alone was given during the first (control) period, and it was continued throughout the propranolol and practolol treatment periods, each of 10 weeks. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowered significantly by both the beta blocking drugs. The changes in blood pressure caused by altering the patient's position were the same after both beta blockers. Propranolol produced slightly lower values than practolol, but the difference was significant only for diastolic blood pressure in the sitting and supine positions. In individual patients the final blood pressure after propranolol was correlated with the final blood pressure after practolol. Only minimal side-effects of either drug were noticed. It is concluded that the doses employed both of propranolol and practolol had a good and approximately equal antihypertensive effect when combined with chlorthalidone treatment. There was no correlation between the final blood pressure and plasma renin activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal response to infusion versus repeated bolus injections of atrial natriuretic factor in man (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) ; lithium ; renal sodium handling ; renal haemodynamics ; infusion ; injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 7 healthy humans consuming a 170 mmol sodium diet the effect of the mode of administration of atrial natriuretic factor (human ANF 99–126) on renal function has been investigated, using conventional clearance studies during maximal water diuresis. ANF was administered as four repeated bolus (0.4 µg/kg) injections and, after a 2-day interval, as a one-hour infusion (0.02 µg/kg/min) preceded by a 0.4 µg/kg bolus injection. In the two experiments ANF caused comparable elevations in glomerular filtration rate, free water clearance, and lithium excretion. No change in blood pressure or heart rate was observed in either study, and plasma renin activity and aldosterone fell by a similar extent. As expected, the time course of plasma ANF concentrations was markedly different during the two studies. It is concluded that with those doses of ANF the changes in renal haemodynamics and sodium handling were essentially similar after bolus injections and a constant infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and hormonal changes during acute and chronic diuretic treatment in essential hypertension (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chlorthalidone ; essential hypertension ; haemodynamics ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; urinary noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The short- and long-term effects of diuretic treatment with chlorthalidone 50 mg/day on haemodynamic and hormonal parameters in patients with essential hypertension (WHO grade I) were investigated. After three days of treatment, all patients showed a rise in plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), urinary norepinephrine excretion (UNE) and heart rate (HR), and a decrease in body weight (BW) and extracellular volume (ECV) and blood volume (BV); the change in blood pressure (BP) was variable. The changes in BP were correlated with those in BV. After three months of therapy, the signs of volume depletion tended to fade, but the lower ECV persisted. In contrast to the 4-day study, after three months the change in BP correlated inversely with changes in ECV and renin dependency (saralasin response), and positively with PRA and changes in UNE. It is concluded that the BP response to diuretic treatment is determined by the adaptation with time of the haemodynamic reactions to the volume-depleted state. Whether this adaptation will take place cannot be predicted from the control values of the parameters studied, or from acute changes observed during the first days of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568396
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of enalapril and propranolol in essential hypertension (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1986), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; propranolol ; essential hypertension ; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 40 patients with essential hypertension, enalapril was compared with propranolol as an antihypertensive agent in a double-blind study. The patients were randomly given either enalapril 5–10–20 mg bid or propranolol 40–80–120 mg bid in a treatment consisting of step-by-step increases in dosage. When the diastolic blood pressure remained 〉90 mm Hg on the highest dosage, hydrochlorothiazide was added. Both enalapril and propranolol reduced blood pressure, although the patients tended to achieve lower blood pressures while on enalapril. More patients on propranolol required additional diuretic therapy than patients on enalapril. Propranolol reduced heart rate; with enalapril there were no changes in heart rate. Both drugs increased serum potassium and urea. Plasma renin substrate was reduced by enalapril, but raised by propranolol. Enalapril increased plasma renin activity and angiotensin I, while propranolol reduced both. Converting enzyme activity was lowered with enalapril but was unchanged with propranolol. Both drugs reduced angiotensin II. Plasma aldosterone concentration was more suppressed with propranolol than with enalapril.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00635885
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in haemodynamics and body fluid volume due to enalapril in patients with essential hypertension on chronic diuretic therapy (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; hypertension ; converting enzyme inhibition ; chlorthalidone ; sodium depletion ; blood pressure output ; extracellular fluid volume ; renin ; aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 12 patients with essential hypertension who remained hypertensive despite chronic chlorthalidone treatment, the effect of 2 weeks of additional therapy with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril on blood pressure and body fluid volumes has been evaluated. The objective was to examine the influence of a diuretic-stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) on haemodynamics and body fluid volume. Mean arterial pressure (MAP −21%), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI −22%) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC −39%) were decreased, and plasma renin activity (PRA 660%) was increased. The average heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and body weight (BW) remained unchanged. A negative correlation was found between the per cent changes in ECFV and PAC. Thus, body fluid volumes during chronic diuretic treatment are well preserved even when the RAAS with its sodium retaining properties is suppressed by CEI. Possible mechanisms are a volume (not angiotensin II) — dependent stimulation of aldosterone and a fall in blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613510
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