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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis ; Cefamandole ; Cephazolin ; Randomized trial ; Total hip replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans un précédent travail les auteurs ont démontré l'efficacité d'une antibioprophylaxie de 5 jours par la céfazoline, comparativement à un placebo. Le but de cette nouvelle étude, réalisée par le même groupe de recherche, est de comparer un traitement de 5 jours par la céfazoline à un traitement de 2 jours par le céfamandole. 965 arthroplasties totales de hanche, sur 912 malades, ont été réalisées, 488 dans le groupe céfamandole et 477 dans le groupe céfazoline. On a évalué l'influence de l'antibioprophylaxie sur la contamination des drains de Redon (laissés en place 3.2±0,3 jours en moyenne) et sur la sensibilité des bactéries de contamination. On n'a pas trouvé entre les deux séries de différence significative du nombre des drains contaminés. Il y avait moins de bactéries Gram négatif dans le groupe céfamandole (23% contre 44%, p〈0,05) et moins de germes résistant à l'antibiotique utilisé (30% contre 61%, p〈0,01). Avec un an de recul le pourcentage d'infections profondes était de 0,7 dans le groupe céfamandole et de 0,5 dans le groupe céfazoline, différence non significative. La prophylaxie par 2 jours de céfamandole paraît donc efficace vis à vis des complications septiques de l'arthroplastie totale de hanche.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this trial was to compare a 5-day course of cephazolin with a regimen of 2 days of cefamandole in 965 total hip replacements (488 in the cefamandole group and 477 in the cephazolin group). The effect of the prophylactic antibiotic on the bacterial colonization of drains (mean duration of drainage: 3.2±0.3 days) and on the susceptibility of colonizing organisms was assessed. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of infected drains between the two groups. The cefamandole group had a lower rate of Gram-negative organisms (23% versus 44%, p〈0.01). The rate of deep infections within one year after operation was 0.7% in the cefamandole group versus 0.5% in the cephazolin group, and the difference is not significant. Cefamandole given for two days appears to be an effective prophylaxis against sepsis in total hip replacements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a randomised double-blind trial conducted between 1990 and 1994, 616 patients from 43 centres, pefloxacin (group P, 316 patients) and a cefazolin-oxacillin combination (group C, 300 patients) were compared in the prophylaxis of bone infection after grade 1 and 2 open leg fractures. Samples were obtained at emergency, before and during surgery, and from drain aspirates. Antimicrobial susceptibility, slime production and adherence properties of the bacteria were tested. Cultures at emergency and before surgery showed similar distributions of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in both groups, while wound closure and infecting isolates showed prevailing gram-positive bacteria in group P and gram-negative bacteria in group C. Positive cultures at each stage were correlated with the occurrence of infection but were not predictive of the infecting species, which were nosocomial bacteria in most cases. Positive cultures at wound closure warn of a higher infection risk. Twenty-one of 316 (6.6%) patients in group P and 24 of 300 (8%) in group C were considered infected within 3 months. The difference is not significant (chi-square test =0.42;P=0.51). Infecting strains were isolated from 38 patients (group P, 18; group C, 20). Infecting species,although not predictable, appear to be those escaping the spectrum of the prescribed antimicrobial prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among the conditions which need to be filled when generalizing the mass screening of polyps in view of the secondary prevention of colorectal cancers, three are already present: 1) it is a frequent and serious cancer; 2) there is an affiliation between benign tumours and cancer; 3) an effective non-mutilating treatment of benign tumours is available. On the other hand, two additional conditions remain unfilled and yet lie within the domain of research by methodologically rigorous studies: 1) the setting up of a screening test with a high cost-effectiveness relationship; 2) the epidemiological demonstration of the decreasing incidence of colorectal cancers following screening and treatment of precancerous lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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