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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcomputer-based temperature corrected permittivity detector for liquid chromatography (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 55 (1983), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00253a018
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Was there Firing in Sandy Row that Night?”: Some Features of the Organisation of Disputes about Recorded Facts (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sociological inquiry 48 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-682X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Members of organisations and public alike routinely treat the mention of some event in a record as unambiguous evidence for “the fact of” that event's occurrence, and thereby as an untroublesome basis for making inferences, deciding future courses of action, etc. However, there are occasions on which the factual character of a record is challenged and the subject of dispute. In this paper we examine such a dispute, which occurs between a cross-examining counsel and a police witness during a Tribunal of Inquiry into events in Northern Ireland. In the analysis we explicate some of the moral inferential work (the allocation of blame, the construction of justifications, etc.) that can be bound up with such disputes, and we attempt to locate the procedures available to the interactants both for “authorising” the “fact” that some event occurred, and for challenging or defeating claims about such facts (in particular with procedures that have to do with the conventional basis for knowledge about certain events in the world).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1978.tb01013.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The collection of Printed Ephemera in Australia at National, State and Local Levels
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Information & Library Review 25 (1993), S. 123-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-2317
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/iilr.1993.1010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaginography—Investigation of choice for clinically suspected vaginal fistulas (1996)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 568-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Vagina ; Fistulas ; Diagnosis ; Vaginography ; Sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Vaginal fistulas are rare but can cause extremely distressing symptoms for patients and prove difficult to define anatomically. Barium studies have been reported as having a maximum sensitivity of only 34 percent for detection of vaginal fistulas. Vaginography is an alternative method for diagnosis and evaluation of suspected vaginal fistulas, which has been reported to have a sensitivity of 100 percent. We reviewed our total experience of vaginography to fully assess its capabilities. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with clinically suspected vaginal fistulas were investigated with vaginography during a six-year period. Results of vaginograms were compared with final operative or clinical diagnosis and with results of other radiologic investigations. RESULTS: Vaginography successfully identified 19 of 24 fistulas, giving a sensitivity of 79 percent. In our series, barium enema was only able to identify 9 percent of fistulas arising from the colon. CONCLUSIONS: In this, the largest series of vaginograms, apparent reduction in sensitivity from the 100 percent quoted in earlier series to 79 percent probably represents a more accurate assessment of vaginography as a diagnostic investigation. Even allowing for this reduction, vaginography is still the most sensitive, economic, and informative investigation for identification and delineation of vaginal fistulas. We recommend that vaginography be the initial investigation of choice in patients with clinically suspected vaginal fistulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058713
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laparoscopic ultrasound for the detection of hepatic metastases during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Laparoscopic ultrasound ; Hepatic metastases ; Colorectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The search for liver metastases before surgery forms an accepted part of colorectal cancer surgical practice. Intraoperative ultrasound and manual palpation of liver together form the criterion standard as far as screening for metastases is concerned. However, extracorporeal imaging, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, are also widely used. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of laparoscopic ultrasound scan in detection of liver metastases during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery by comparison with conventional imaging modalities. METHODS: A prospective, controlled study was undertaken. A total of 76 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resections for malignancy were recruited. Patients underwent preoperative liver ultrasound scan and intraoperative blinded laparoscopic ultrasound scan examination performed by a single surgeon. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 30 days of surgery. RESULTS: Conventional ultrasound scan was negative in all cases. Metastases were identified during simple laparoscopic inspection of the liver in one case. Two cases shown by laparoscopic ultrasound scan to have definite metastases were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. In seven further instances laparoscopic ultrasound scan identified suspicious liver masses. In three cases these were confirmed to be metastases at magnetic resonance imaging; one was confirmed as a cyst, and the remaining three suspicious lesions were confirmed at serial magnetic resonance imaging scans to be benign and of no significance. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ultrasound scan with a flexible-tipped probe permits satisfactory hepatic examination. It is superior to conventional ultrasound scan and seems to be as effective as magnetic resonance imaging, although the latter modality is still required to delineate identified lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258295
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology of rectal sensations (1997)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 298-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal sensations ; Anal canal sensations ; Mechanoreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The first awareness of balloon inflation (first sensation (FS)), flatus sensation (constant sensation (CS)), urge to defecate (UD), and maximum tolerated threshold (MTT) are the four commonly evaluated rectal sensations. The traditional view that these sensations are attributable to pelvic floor mechanoreceptor stimulation is challenged by current evidence in favor of rectal wall mechanoreceptors. The aim of this study was to determine the physiology of these sensations, using a dynamic mathematic model of the rectum. METHODS: In a group of 15 healthy adult volunteers (11 female and 4 male; median age, 51.5 (range, 31–74) years), the polynomial behavior of the two smooth muscle components of a dynamic mathematic model of the rectum was analyzed to find strain levels of smooth muscle activity in relation to corresponding strain levels of each of the four “rectal” sensations. RESULTS: Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle relaxation appeared to be the rate detection and signaling mechanisms, respectively. The latter triggered sensations of CS, UD, and MTT. FS was an anal canal sensation, related temporally with onset of rectoanal inhibitory reflex.In vitro validation of the model suggested MTT to be a physiologic protective mechanism associated probably with tetanic smooth muscle contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of rectal sensations should be confined to CS and UD because MTT is painful and does not contribute any additional information, and FS is not a true rectal phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior resection syndrome is secondary to sympathetic denervation (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 11 (1996), S. 250-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Le syndrome de résection antérieure est secondaire à une dénervation sympathique. Le mécanisme de l'incontinence fécale secondaire à une résection secondaire antérieure basse (LAR) a toujours été spéculatif et le rôle d'altération dynamique du néo-rectum difficile à quantifier. Avec l'emploi d'une nouvelle méthodologie qui quantifie la réponse rectale à une insufflation rapide et brusque en combinaison avec une étude de la physiologie anale nous avons évalué 25 résections antérieures basses compliquées sept fois d'une incontinence majeure et cinq fois d'une incontinence mineure. Les trois groupes sont comparables quant à l' âge, à la durée de la période postopératoire et à la distance de l'anastomose par rapport à la ligne pubo-rectale. La pression de repos du canal anal n'est pas dépendante de la distance de l'anastomose (R2 = 0.09). Si l'anastomose est située à et au-dessous de 3 cm de la ligne pubo-rectale, le réflexe inhibiteur recto-anal entraîne une baisse prolongée de la pression dans la partie moyenne du canal and contrastant avec la récupération au niveau normal si l'anastomose est au-delà de 3 cm. L'incontinence majeure est caractérisée par des réflexes anaux subnormaux, une dynamique néo-rectale hypersensible et des ondes de contraction avec une grande amplitude alors que l'incontinence mineure est caractérisée par des réflexes hypernormaux et une hypersensibilité du néorectum de moindre importance. Le modèle mathématique d'étude de la visco-élasticité rectale démontre une augmentation du tonus de la musculature lisse longitudinale et une baisse du collagène fonctionnel en relation directe avec l'augmentation de la sévérité de l'incontinence et l'augmentation du tonus des fibres musculaires lisses hautes et basses en cas d'incontinence respectivement majeures et mineures. Ces données concordent avec des études réalisées in vitro sur la dénervation du plexus myentérique et sur des études ayant trait à des lésions de la partie inférieure du susmésentérique. Sur la base de cette étude, nous concluons que l'incontinence majeure est le résultat d'une neurotmèse du ganglion mésentérique inférieur et du plexus hypogastrique alors que l'incontinence mineure résulte d'une neurotmèse/neurapraxis du plexus mésentérique inférieur.
    Notes: Abstract. The mechanism of faecal incontinence following low anterior resection (LAR) has been speculative and the role of disordered neorectal dynamics difficult to quantify. Using a new methodology which quantifies rectal response to rapid and ramp inflation, in combination with anal physiology, we have evaluated 25 LAR – 7 with major incontinence and 5 with minor incontinence. The three groups had comparable age, duration post surgery and anastomotic distance from the puborectalis. The resting anal canal pressure (RAP) did not related to the anastomotic distance (R2 = 0.09). With the anastomosis at and below 3 cms from the puborectalis, the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was a sustained drop in the mid anal canal pressure, in contrast to the normal pattern of recovery above this level. Major incontinence was characterised by a subnormal anal defence, hypersensitive neorectal dynamics and high amplitude contractile wave while minor incontinence was characterised by a hypernormal anal defence and a lesser degree of neorectal hypersensitivity. The mathematical viscoelastic rectal model, defined an increasing longitudinal smooth muscle tone and a decreasing functional collagen with increasing severity of incontinence as well as a high and low circular smooth muscle (CSM) tone with major and minor incontinence respectively. This correlated with previous in vitro studies on myenteric plexus denervation and localised damage to the inferior mesenteric plexus respectively. Based on the findings in this study, we conclude that major incontinence is secondary to neurotenesis of the inferior mesenteric ganglia and the hypogastric plexus, whereas minor incontinence represents a localised neurotenesis/neuropraxia of the inferior mesenteric plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental elastic modulus – a challenge to compliance (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 12 (1997), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. La compliance rectale a des inconvénients théoriques et pratiques qui expliquent une grande disparité des valeurs normales plubliées. La courbe du rapport pression/tension, une mesure de la rigidité de la paroi rectale (augmentation du module d'élasticité, IEM) peut être une alternative effective. Le but de cette étude est de comparer l'IEM avec la compliance rectale au cours d'une inflation progressive. Chez un groupe de 15 sujets normaux adultes (åge moyen 51,5 ans: 31 à 74 ans; 11 femmes et 4 hommes) ces paramètres ont été déterminés à trois vitesses d'inflation en utilisant un complexe proctométrogramme-cathéter-ballon (PCB) et une échographie endo-rectale (7 Mhz; B & K) afin de déterminer la pression intra-rectale et la tension radiaire. IEM a une relation linéaire avec la tension (pente 33,55; R2 = 0,9815) en contraste avec la compliance (R2 = 0,0088). La composante d'élasticité en série (SEC), une mesure de la visco-élasticité passive à une élasticité indépendante de la vitesse d'inflation (pente 1,2 (0,98 à 1,15); P = ns) et une viscosité dépendant de la vitesse d'inflation (P = 0,004; à l'infusion seulement). Les mesures de IEM et de SEC sont reproductibles (R = 0,985; P 〈 0,01). Cette étude souligne l'importance de la viscosité pariétale rectale dont l'évaluation est basée sur la tension et la distension plutôt que sur la compliance.
    Notes: Abstract. Rectal compliance has theoretical and practical drawbacks resulting in wide variation in the reported normal values. Slope of stress-strain relation, a measure of rectal wall stiffness (Incremental elastic modulus; IEM) may be an effective alternative. The aim of this study was to compare IEM with rectal compliance during ramp inflation. In a group of 15 normal adults [Median age 51.5 years (range 31 to 74); 11 female and 4 male], these parameters were assessed at three rates of inflation, using a proctometrogram-catheter-balloon (PCB) complex and endorectal ultrasound scanner (7 Mhz; B & K) to measure intrarectal pressure and radius respectively. IEM had a linear relation with strain (Slope 33.55; R2 = 0.9815) in contrast to compliance (R2 = 0.0088). Series elastic component (SEC), a measure of passive viscoelasticity, was rate independent elasticity [Slope 1.02 (0.98 to 1.15); P = ns] and a rate dependant viscosity (P = 0.004; One way ANOVA). Both IEM and SEC were reproducible (R = 0.985; P 〈 0.01). This study emphasises the importance of rectal wall viscoelastic evaluation based on stress and strain rather than compliance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotopic autologous splenic grafts in rat (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 409 (1986), S. 693-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Splenic grafts ; Morphology ; Histoquantitation ; Lymphocytes ; Splenectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Splenic grafts autotransplanted at splenectomy into the omentum of 23 Porton strain rats were compared with spleens from 10 sham-operated controls. Six months after transplantation, the grafts weighed between 81 to 545 mg (median 166 mg) compared to control spleens which weighed 775 to 1,250 mg (median 995 g). Histoquantitation of the grafts revealed marked reduction of the splenic white pulp when compared to control spleens. Morphological examination showed not only a reduction of lymphocytes but also a striking architectural abnormality in all grafts. In 2 of the transplants, no lymphoid aggregates were observed; small subcapsular collections were present in 7, while in 8, isolated perivascular aggregates of lymphocytes with poorly formed marginal zones were observed. Only 6 transplanted spleens showed linkage of adjacent lymphoid aggregates but the number and size of these aggregates were clearly less than normal. These findings indicate that autotransplanted splenic tissue in rats does not regain histological normality. The implications of these observations for autotransplantation in splenectomized patients are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713434
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructures of silicon nitride/alumina ceramics (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1974), S. 1833-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructures of materials formed by sintering or hot-pressing mixtures of silicon nitride and alumina have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The probable mechanism of transformation of the reactants to form β′-silicon aluminium oxynitride (β′-sialon) via a liquid phase sintering process, which is analogous to a similar transformation in hot-pressed silicon nitride containing a magnesia additive, is proposed. The origin and crystal symmetry of an unknown second phase is discussed. The residual quantity of this phase, known as the X-phase, is controlled mainly by the silica impurity content of the initial silicon nitride powder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541754
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