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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 14 (1964), S. 87-98 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using insoluble facilitators of infection with RNA, the addition of infective RNA preparations, obtained with phenol by either the extractive or monophasic method, from poliovirus of one antigenic type to inocula containing infective RNA from poliovirus of another antigenic type resulted in a large reduction in the number of plaques produced by the latter. Such “interference” was reciprocal. RNA preparations obtained from control uninfected cells were comparatively weak “interferers”; and when extractions with phenol were used in obtaining such control RNA preparations, their capacity to interfere was very low. Under the same conditions, interference with intact polioviruses by poliovirus RNA preparations was small or zero. The amount of interference was markedly dependent on the order of addition of the two RNA preparations to the facilitator. Treatment of poliovirus RNA preparations with ribonuclease reduced their interfering capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 39 (1972), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bentonite was found to enhance markedly the transfection, by poliovirus RNA, of sheet cultures of primate cells. The enhancement was greater for calciumdepleted cells than for nondepleted cells, and greater for the eta line of monkey kidney cells than for KB cells. The enhancement occurred only when the concentration of the buffered salt solution used was within a region rather sharply delimited at both ends, and only when the bentonite was mixed with the RNA inoculum. The capacity of the bentonite to enhance could readily be poisoned by yeast RNA. When two different kinds of poliovirus RNA were added to the bentonite, there was an advantage for either RNA species in being the first rather than the second RNA added to the bentonite. The bentonite adsorbed the infective poliovirus RNA nearly quantitatively when the concentration of the buffered salt solution was above about 30% of isoosmolal; below this concentration, the adsorption dropped off precipitously, giving a drop-off curve almost identical to the corresponding drop-off curve for transfection. Bentonite also markedly enhanced infection by antibody-neutralized poliovirus. The view that an essential prerequisite for bentonite enhancement is the carrying of the viral unit by the bentonite is put forth and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 10 (1960), S. 315-334 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships among three genetic properties (inhibition by cystine, thermostability, and cystine-requirement) of antigenic type 1 poliovirus were investigated. Partial or complete loss through mutation of the property of being inhibited by cystine was accompanied by changes in the other two properties, indicating that the genetic element(s) which determines inhibition by cystine also determines, at least partially, thermostability and cystine-requirement. Inhibition by cystine and thermostability were found to be closely and positively correlated, suggesting that they are simply different manifestations of a single more basic virus property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 11 (1961), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adding the genetically thermostablecr i mutant of the Akron strain of type 1 poliovirus to the genetically thermolabile Akronca 30 mutant before infection of monkey kidney tissue culture sheets resulted in an average 17-fold increase in the heat-surviving fraction of theca 30 virus progeny. Mixing the 2 viruses after infection did not result in any increase. The progenies of at least most of these thermostable transferee particles were thermolabile. By this criterion the transferred thermostability was at least mainly nongenetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 15 (1964), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A procedure for titrating the capacity of poliovirus RNA preparations to interfere with plaque initiation by another poliovirus RNA was developed. Treatment of extractive poliovirus RNA preparations with deoxyribonuclease, trypsin, or chymotrypsin did not affect their interfering capacity; the previously reported decrease in interfering capacity effected by ribonuclease was confirmed and further studied. Comparisons of profiles of infectivity and interfering capacity in fractions from hydromagnesite columns revealed that, for 3x extractive infective Brunhilde RNA preparations, the major peak of interfering capacity nearly coincided with the major peak of infectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 15 (1965), S. 486-499 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using conventional procedures of extraction with diethyl ether to remove phenol, the infective poliovirus RNA titer was found to be 5 to 100 times greater when the virus stock was diluted about one-hundredfold into certain diluents prior to treatment with phenol (560 mM) than when undiluted stock was treated. Diluents giving this result were calcium-free, magnesium-free, mildly alkaline (pH 7–11) solutions, notably, e. g., 10 mM NaHCO3. The milieu afforded by such diluents was not necessary for the treatment with phenol but was necessary primarily to prevent “inactivation” of the poliovirus RNA by the ether; however, even without exposure to ether and with no extractions to remove phenol, mildly acid conditions or a moderate concentration of Ca++ resulted in some loss of infective RNA titer. Assay of ethereal phase detected no infectivity. Even with added base and chelating agent, extractions of phenol-treated essentially undiluted virus stocks with ether resulted in large loss of infective RNA titer. Extractions with benzene in place of ether had little or no effect on RNA titer using diluted systems; but with undiluted systems, a large titer loss was found. Treatment with ether without extractions with ether also inactivated RNA. Using heat shock (70° C, 20 seconds) in place of phenol to obtain infective RNA, the nature of the diluent required to give high infective RNA titer was very different from that required for the prephenol dilution when the conventional extractions with ether were employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, ion pairing technique ; Nine monoribonucleotides separated quantitatively ; Tetramethylammonium hydroxide as solvophobic ion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, isocratic, high performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the first time for the separation of nine monoribonucleotides using the ion-pairing technique. An aqueous mobile phase containing 100 mM KH2PO4 and 12.5 mM tetramethylammonium hydroxide as the solvophobic ion, pH 3.9, was used with a reverse phase RP-18 column. The nine monoribonucleotides studied were separated and eluted in the following order: cytidine-5′ -phosphate, uridine-5′ -phosphate, cytidine-3′ -phosphate, guanosine-5′ -phosphate, uridine-3′ -phosphate, uridine-2′ -phosphate, adenosine-5′ -phosphate, guanosine-3′ -phosphate, and adenosine-3′ -phosphate. Generally the 5′ nucleotides eluted faster than the 3′ and the order of elution within each series was: cytidine, uridine, guanosine, and adenosine. The only nucleotide where three isomers were studied was uridine, and the 2′ eluted later than the 3′. Baseline separation was attained for a mixture containing four 3′ nucleotides and uridine-2′ -phosphate. When the four 5′ nucleotides were chromatographed, baseline separation was also obtained except between cytidine-5′ -phosphate and uridine-5′ -phosphate. The coefficient of variation of the retention characteristics, which reflected day-to-day variation, averaged 6.4%.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 114 (1983), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A serum-free medium for serial culture of baby hamster kidney cell line 21 (BHK-21) as container-adherent cells was developed. The medium is a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor, fibronectin, insulin, oleic acid (preincubated with fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin as carrier), and transferrin. The fibronectin was required for cell adherence, the other factors for optimal cell multiplication. When cell input was greater than about 1,900 cells/cm2, this serum-free medium supported cell multiplication at a rate approximately equal to the rate in medium with 10% serum. At lower cell input, growth in the serum-free medium was poor unless it was supplemented with serum-free medium which had been conditioned by BHK-21 cells. The conditioned medium contained a factor(s) which enabled or stimulated cell multiplication.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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