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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting following major gynaecological surgery was evaluated in this multicentre, double-blind study. A total of 243 patients were randomised to receive three doses of oral ondansetron 8 mg or matching placebo at 8-hourly intervals, with the first dose being given an hour before surgery. A standard general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. Nausea, vomiting and safety assessments were performed continuously during the 24 h postrecovery period. Of the 237 patients evaluated for efficacy, significantly fewer ondansetron 8 mg treated patients (65/117: 56%) experienced postoperative nausea and/or vomiting compared with placebo-treated patients (94/120; 78%) during the study period (p 〈 0.001). In addition, ondansetron 8 mg reduced the severity of nausea (p 〈 0.001) and the total number of vomiting episodes experienced (p 〈 0.001). Overall, ondansetron 8 mg was well tolerated and effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in this surgical setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 351-353 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; viloxazine ; clearance ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case is reported of theophylline intoxication due to a dramatic decrease in theophylline clearance following concomitant administration of viloxazine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Metoclopramide cancer chemotherapy ; emesis ; continuous infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; cisplatin ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metoclopramide was administered by continuous infusion to two groups each of 14 patients on chemotherapy, randomized to receive either doses adjusted to individual pharmacokinetic parameters or doses adjusted as usual to body weight. The mean plasma concentration at the end of the infusion in the adjusted group was 1.01 mg · 1−1, close to that aimed for (1.20 mg · 1−1). It was significantly different from that in the other group, v0.54 mg · 1−1. Antiemetic efficacy, defined as ⩽2 emetic events in the 24 h following cisplatin, was similar in both groups (being found in 12/14 (86%) and 10/14 patients (71%), respectively). Analysis of the cumulative percentage of responders according to plasma concentration showed a clear plasma concentration-effect relationship. Routine MCP pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment is not indicated, but this therapeutic approach can be used to optimize antiemetic therapy in poor responder patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Antireserpine Activity ; Light Blink Reflex ; Antidepressant Screening ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reserpine induces an important enhancement of the light blink reflex in rabbits, which results from a central action. Psychotropic drugs (tricyclic antidepressant agents, amphetamine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene ⋯) were administered by slow intravenous infusion to reserpinized rabbits (0.1 mg/kg, i.v., 2 h previously) until the blink reflex had disappeared. The proposed method does not display particular specificity but is suitable for measurement of antireserpine activity at the central level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gallenausscheidung von Cefotaxime (CTX) und dessen Metaboliten Desacetylcefotaxime (DSCTX) werden bei 9 kürzlich cholezystektomierten Patientinnen nach einer intravenösen Injektion von 15 mg/kg Körpergewicht CTX gemessen. Die gesamte Galle wurde durch ein spezielles Vorgehen gesammelt: der aufgeblasene Ballon eines Fogarty Katheters wurde in den distalen Zweig eines Kehr-T-Drains eingeführt. Die biliäre Clearance des CTX und des DSCTX wurde während 8 Stunden gemessen. Die CTX-Konzentration erreichte Spitzenwerte von 34,5 ± 15,3 mg/l 90 Minuten nach der Injektion. Diese Werte sanken auf 2,7 ± 1,7 mg/l nach 7–8 Stunden. DSCTX erreichte seine Spitzenkonzentration zur gleichen Zeit mit 49,3 ± 1,7 mg/l und fiel auf 4,6 ± 3,2 mg/l nach 8 Stunden. Das Konzentrationsverhältnis Galle/Serum von CTX und DSCTX blieb bei 1 während der ganzen Probezeit (Mittelwerte 1,35 ± 1,08 bis 11,0 ± 3,1). Die biliäre Clearance von CTX war 0,190 ml/min. Die Gesamtmenge an in der Galle ausgeschiedenem CTX und DSCTX betrug 1050 ± 472,8 µg bzw. 1902,7 ± 804,1 µg (0,093 ± 0,041% bzw. 0,186 ± 0,077% der Dosis). Wenn man die minimalen Hemmkonzentrationen der häufigsten Erreger bei biliärer Sepsis betrachtet, scheint CTX ein geeignetes Antibiotikum für die Behandlung von biliären Infektionen zu sein.
    Notes: Summary The biliary elimination of cefotaxime (CTX) and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxime (DSCTX) were measured by HPLC in nine recently cholecystectomised patients following the i. v. injection of 15 mg/kg body weight of CTX. All of the bile was collected by an original procedure: the inflated balloon of a Fogarty catheter was introduced into the distal branch of a Kehr drain T-tube. Biliary clearance of CTX and DSCTX was measured for 8 h. Cefotaxime peaked at 90 min after injection at 34.5 ± 15.3 mg/l; in the 7–8 h sample it was 2.7 ± 1.7 mg/l. DSCTX peaked at the same time at 49.3 ± 17.0 mg/l, and was 4.6 ± 3.2 mg/l at 8 h. The bile/serum ratio of CTX and DSCTX concentrations was above 1 from the first to the eighth hours (range: 1.35 ± 1.08 to 11.0 ± 3.1). The biliary clearance of CTX was 0.190 ml/min. The total amounts of CTX and DSCTX eliminated in bile were respectively 1050 ± 472.8 µg and 1902.7 ± 804.1 µg (0.093 ± 0.041% of the dose and 0.186 ± 0.077% of the dose). Considering the minimum inhibitory concentration of the pathogens currently encountered in biliary sepsis, CTX should be a suitable antimicrobial agent for the treatment of biliary infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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