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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human FE65 in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice is associated with a reduction in β-amyloid load (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 93 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: FE65 is an adaptor protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In cultured non-neuronal cells, the formation of the FE65-APP complex is a key element for the modulation of APP processing, signalling and β-amyloid (Aβ) production. The functions of FE65 in vivo, including its role in the metabolism of neuronal APP, remain to be investigated. In this study, transgenic mice expressing human FE65 were generated and crossbred with APP transgenic mice, known to develop Aβ deposits at 6 months of age. Compared with APP mice, APP/FE65 double transgenic mice exhibited a lower Aβ accumulation in the cerebral cortex as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunoassay, and a lower level of APP-CTFs. The reduced accumulation of Aβ in APP/FE65 double transgenics, compared with APP mice, could be linked to the low Aβ42 level observed at 4 months of age and to the lower APP-CTFs levels. The present work provides evidence that FE65 plays a role in the regulation of APP processing in an in vivo model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03026.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone triggers a cerebral tauopathy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 95 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reduced activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain – particularly complex I – may be implicated in the etiology of both Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, although these neurodegenerative diseases differ substantially as to their distinctive pattern of neuronal cell loss and the predominance of cerebral α-synuclein or tau protein pathology. To determine experimentally whether chronic generalized complex I inhibition has an effect on the distribution of α-synuclein or tau, we infused rats systemically with the plant-derived isoflavonoid rotenone. Rotenone-treated rats with a pronounced metabolic impairment had reduced locomotor activity, dystonic limb posture and postural instability. They lost neurons in the substantia nigra and in the striatum. Spherical deposits of α-synuclein were observed in a few cells, but cells with abnormal cytoplasmic accumulations of tau immunoreactivity were significantly more numerous in the striatum of severely lesioned rats. Abnormally high levels of tau immunoreactivity were found in the cytoplasm of neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Ultrastructurally, tau-immunoreactive material consisted of straight 15-nm filaments decorated by antibodies against phosphorylated tau. Many tau+ cell bodies also stained positive for thioflavin S, nitrotyrosine and ubiquitin. Some cells with abnormal tau immunoreactivity contained activated caspase 3. Our data suggest that chronic respiratory chain dysfunction might trigger a form of neurodegeneration in which accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein predominates over deposits of α-synuclein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03493.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Striatal Expression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Gene in Alzheimer's Disease (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To examine potential alteration of GABAergic striatal neurons in Alzheimer's disease, we used quantitative in situ hybridization to analyze the messenger RNA coding for Mr 67,000 glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 mRNA) in the striatum of five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nine matched control subjects. We found a 51–57% increase in the optical density of hybridization signal in the caudate nucleus and putamen, corresponding to a 30–42% increase in the number of neurons expressing a detectable amount of GAD67 mRNA. By contrast, no alteration was observed in the ventral striatum. The expression of GAD67 mRNA per neuron was similar in AD and control subjects both in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Taken together, our data indicate that, in AD, GABAergic neurotransmission is increased in the dorsal striatum but not in the ventral striatum. We suggest that this increased GABAergic neurotransmission may explain extrapyramidal signs often observed in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020767.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic changes in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's disease: an in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: On the basis of the functional model of the basal ganglia developed in the 1980s and the neuropathological findings in Huntington's disease (HD), changes in the neuronal activity of the basal ganglia have previously been proposed to explain the abnormal movements observed in this pathology. In particular, it has been stated that the neurodegenerative process affecting the basal ganglia in the disease should provoke a hypoactivity in the internal segment of the pallidum (GPi) that could explain choreic movements observed in the disease. To test this functional hypothesis, we performed an in situ hybridization study on control and HD brains postmortem, taking cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) mRNAs expression as index of neuronal activity. As most of the HD patients studied were under chronic neuroleptic (NL) treatment, we also studied the brains of non-HD patients under chronic NL treatment. Our results show that in HD brain the number of neurons expressing COI mRNA tends to be lower in the striatum, GPe and GPi, suggesting a severe involvement of these structures during the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, COI mRNA level of expression was markedly reduced within neurons of the putamen and GPe. Surprisingly, COI mRNA expression was not modified in the GPi in HD brains compared with controls. This paradoxical result in the GPi may be explained by the antagonistic effect of GPe hypoactivity and the degenerative process involving neurons of GPi. Our results indicate that the functional modifications, and consequently the pathophysiology of␣abnormal movements, observed in HD basal ganglia are more complex than expected from the currently accepted model of the basal ganglia organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00734.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is DRPLA also linked to 14q? (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 6 (1994), S. 8-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Until now, the nosology and cause of dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) has been poorly understood1. DRPLA is an autosomal dominantly inherited neuropathogical entity characterized by various combinations of the following clinical symptoms: cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0194-8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical neuronal inclusion bodies in meningioangiomatosis (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Meningioangiomatosis ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Lewy body ; Pick body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of meningioangiomatosis not associated with neurofibromatosis 2 in a 24-year-old man is reported. Abundant neurofibrillary tangles and threads, shown by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis to be similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s disease, were found in the residual neuropil. Another lesion consisting of argyrophilic globular inclusion bodies with radial fibrils was found at the periphery. Single and double immunostaining with a panel of antibodies showed similarities between these inclusions and Pick bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor necrosis factor-α, microglia and astrocytes in AIDS dementia complex (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 508-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytokine ; HIV-associated cognitive/motor complex ; Prospective study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenesis of HIV-associated cognitive changes is poorly understood. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been postulated to contribute to the mechanism of the neurological complications of HIV infection. One of the effects of TNF-α is to induce astrocyte proliferation in vitro. The purpose of this study was to look for a correlation between the expression of TNF-α, astrogliosis and the degree of cognitive impairment in 12 prospectively assessed AIDS cases without focal brain lesion, 8 of whom were demented. They were compared with 6 control patients without neurological disease. Neuropathological examination showed myelin pallor in 5 of the 8 demented patients. TNF-α expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in the midfrontal cortex, subcortical and deep white matter, and basal ganglia. Not only perivascular macrophages but also some microglial and endothelial cells were labeled. Most TNF-α-positive cells were in close contact with glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes. They were more numerous than gp41-positive cells. Their density increased with increasing cognitive impairment and in parallel to the astrogliosis in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and deep white matter. These findings further support the hypotheses that lesions of the deep white matter, driven by TNF-α, are associated with cognitive alteration, and that indirect effects of HIV infection in the brain participate in the development of HIV-associated dementia through a diffuse immune activation, mediated by cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050646
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extent of neurofibrillary pathology in perforant pathway neurons is the key determinant of dementia in the very old (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; AT8 ; Hyperphosphorylated tau protein ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Entorhinal cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurofibrillary pathology as found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is also found in the normal elderly, suggesting that these changes may be part of the aging process. In this study, we assessed the densities and distribution of structures recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) to phosphorylated tau (AT8) in the hippocampal formation and medial temporal isocortex of 19 centenarians. Of these, 4 cases were demented and 15 non-demented. AT8 immunoreactivity correlated with the global deterioration scale (GDS). The density of both intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (I-NFTs) and neuritic clusters (NCs) significantly correlated with the GDS in the layer II of the entorhinal cortex (r = 0.66, P = 0.005 and r = 0.611, P = 0.01, respectively). Density of I-NFTs in the subiculum (r = 0.491; P = 0.034) also correlated significantly. No other area was found to be statistically significant. Importantly, no correlation was found when demented and non-demented centenarian cases were analyzed separately, suggesting that the difference marks a fundamental shift between AD and non-demented individuals. This assertion is supported by the significantly higher densities of I-NFTs and NCs in the transentorhinal (P = 0.043 and P = 0.011, respectively) and layer II of the entorhinal cortex (P = 0.02 and P = 0.007, respectively), and I-NFTs in the subiculum (P 〈 0.001) and CA1 (P = 0.011) in the demented group when compared with the non-demented cases. Granular diffuse deposits, an early stage parameter of the neurofibrillary pathology involving accumulation of non-fibrillar abnormally phosphorylated tau protein did not correlate with the GDS or between the two groups studied. This study, combining morphometric and confocal analyses, not only provides further evidence that, in the brains of patients with AD, the perforant pathway is highly sensitive to tau pathology but also that involvement is distinct from the changes of normal aging, even of the oldest old.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051189
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcoidosis presenting as late-onset dementia (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 484-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status spongiosus in the course of treatment of malignant gliomas (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 1 (1983), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: white matter ; CT scan low density ; status spongiosus ; malignant gliomas ; chemo and radiation therapies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of fatal encephalopathy which appeared in the course of treatment of malignant gliomas are described. CT scan showed diffuse, low density, non-enhanced lesions of the white matter. Pathological findings showed that the CT scan aspects corresponded to status spongiosus without demyelination. We were unable to find similar reports in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153638
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