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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of two mercapturic acid metabolites of 1,3-dichloropropene in human urine with gas chromatography and sulphur-selective detection
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 496 (1989), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)82596-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhalation exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene in the Dutch flower-bulb culture. Part II. Biological monitoring by measurement of urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 20 (1991), S. 6-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A biological monitoring study was carried out in the Dutch flower-bulb culture to determine the relationship between respiratory occupational exposure to Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene (Z- and E-DCP) and urinary excretion of two mercapturic acid metabolites, N-acetyl-S-(Z- and E-3-chloropropenyl-2)-L-cysteine (Z- and E-DCP-MA). Urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA, either based on excretion rates or on creatinine excretion, followed first order elimination kinetics after exposure. Urinary half-lives of elimination were 5.0 ± 1.2 hr for Z-DCP-MA and 4.7 ± 1.3 hr for E-DCP-MA and were not statistically significantly different. Calculated coefficients of variation indicated that the half-lives of elimination of Z- and E-DCP-MA were quite consistent inter- and intra-individually. Strong correlations (r ⩾ 0.93) were observed between respiratory 8-hr time weighted average (TWA) exposure to Z-and E-DCP and complete cumulative urinary excretion of Z- and E-DCP-MA. Z-DCP yielded three times more mercapturic acid than E-DCP, probably due to differences in metabolism. Z- and E-DCP were excreted 45 and 14% as their respective mercapturic acid metabolites. A respiratory 8-hr TWA exposure to the Dutch occupational exposure limit of 5 mg · m−3 DCP would result in a complete cumulative excretion of 14.4 mg (95% confidence interval: 11.7–17.0 mg) Z-DCP-MA and 3.2 mg (95% confidence interval: 2.3–4.1 mg) E-DCP-MA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065321
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and quantitative determination of a carboxylic and a mercapturic acid metabolite of etridiazole in urine of rat and man. Potential tools for biological monitoring (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Etridiazole ; N-acetyl-S-(5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl)-l-cysteine ; 5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid ; Mercapturic acid ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Etridiazole, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole, was orally administered to rats and human volunteers. Two metabolites of etridiazole were synthesized: 5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid (ET-CA) and N-acetyl-S-(5-ethoxy-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl-methyl)-l-cysteine (ET-MA). Selective and sensitive analytical procedures to determine etridiazole, the carboxylic acid ET-CA and the mercapturic acid ET-MA in urine were developed. The detection limit of etridiazole, applying GC with nitrogen selective detection (GC-NPD), was 36 (μg/l urine (CV=15.4%,n=3). The detection limit of ET-CA, applying GC with sulphur selective detection (GC-FPD), was 100 μg/l urine (CV=9.8%,n=3). In urine of rats orally treated with etridiazole, ET-CA and ET-MA were identified as metabolites of etridiazole, whereas in urine of humans given oral etridiazole, only ET-CA was identified. Unmetabolized etridiazole was excreted for less than 0.1% of the administered dose in rats. ET-CA, however, accounted for 22±9% of the administered dose of etridiazole in rats and for 13±6% in humans. ET-MA appeared to be a minor urinary metabolite of etridiazole. ET-CA is proposed as a possible biomarker for the biological monitoring of etridiazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of tetrahydrophtalimide and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, urinary metabolites of the fungicide captan, in rats and humans (1991)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1991), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tetrahydrophtalimide (THPI) ; 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) ; Captan ; Biological monitoring ; Urinary metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Capillary gas chromatographic (GC) methods using sulphur and mass selective detection for the qualitative and quantitative determination of tetrahydrophtalimide (THPI) and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), urinary metabolites of the fungicide captan in rat and humans, were developed. Urinary detection limits were 2.7 μg/l for THPI and 110 μg/l for TTCA. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of captan to rats resulted in a 48-h cumulative urinary excretion of THPI of 1%–2% and 3%–9% of the dose, respectively. Cumulative urinary excretion of TTCA over 48 h ranged from 2% to 5% of the captan dose for the respective routes of administration. In urine of non-exposed human subjects, neither THPI nor TTCA could be detected. In urine of fruit-growers who were occupationally exposed to captan, both THPI and TTCA could be detected. Based on these results, THPI and TTCA are proposed as promising parameters for the biological monitoring of occupational exposure to captan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381566
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental and biological monitoring of non-occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene (1991)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 63 (1991), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Mercapturic acids ; Non-occupational exposure ; 1,3-Dichloropropene ; Environmental monitoring ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Voluntary bystanders, simulating a situation of non-occupational exposure to Z- and E-1,3-dichloropropene (Z- and E-DCP), were exposed during field application of this nematocide in the Dutch flower-bulb culture. Environmental monitoring revealed that mean respiratory exposure concentrations of Z- and E-DCP varied from non-detectable levels to 1.12 mg/m3 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) for Z-DCP and to 0.91 mg/m3 8-h TWA for E-DCP. Biological monitoring was executed by determining urinary mercapturic acid metabolites of Z- and E-DCP according to a method recently validated in occupationally exposed applicators. A linear relationship between respiratory exposure to Z-and E-DCP and the urinary excretion of both mercapturic acids was observed in bystanders. Dermal uptake did not contribute significantly to the internal dose of Z- or E-DCP. The urinary mercapturic acid of Z-DCP was a more sensitive parameter for the detection of exposure than was respiratory air monitoring. In future studies it would be worthwhile to determine the extent of exposure of real bystanders to DCP on the basis of urinary mercapturic acid excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381564
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