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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Radiological and orthopaedic outcome in severe and moderate haemophilia A and B patients undergoing long-term prophylactic treatment were prospectively investigated focusing on the age of onset of prophylaxis and the number of joint bleedings prior to treatment. We report on 21 patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A and B receiving prophylactic treatment of between 3.1 and 16.1 year's duration. Three patient groups were evaluated according to the age at onset of prophylaxis. In group I prophylactic treatment was initiated in the first 2 years of life. Patients in group II received prophylaxis at the age of 3–6 years. Late-onset or secondary prophylactic treatment was started at the age of 6 years and above in seven patients (group III). All patients received virus-inactivated F VIII or F IX concentrates at dosages of 30–50 IU/kg body weight i.v. three times per week for those with haemophilia A and twice per week for those with haemophilia B. Elbow, knee and ankle joints were investigated at 3–4-yearly intervals according to the radiological and orthopaedic scores recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia. The total number of joint bleedings before and after start of prophylaxis were recorded in all patients. In group I 7/8 patients had unaffected joints with constant radiological and orthopaedic scores of zero or 1, after a median of 11.25 years of prophylactic treatment. One patient in this group demonstrated mild radiological alterations (score 4). Patients in group II showed neither radiological nor orthopaedic alterations at study entry. Surprisingly, worsening joint scores could be detected despite ongoing prophylaxis after the 3-year interval (median orthopaedic score 4, median radiological score 8). Treatment group III already showed considerable joint damage at study entry with a median radiological score of 11 (0–33) and a median orthopaedic score of 4 (0–11). Despite prophylactic treatment, both radiological (median 19.5, range 2–47) and orthopaedic scores (median 8, range 2–12) deteriorated after 3 years. Prior to onset of prophylaxis, no or only one joint bleeding occurred in treatment group I. In group II, a median of six joint bleeds (range 1–8) was reported before prophylaxis was started. Patients in group III usually experienced a median of more than 10 joint haemorrhages (range 6–10 or more). Under prophylactic treatment the number of joint bleedings decreased significantly in group II and III. However, radiological and orthopaedic scores increased as a sign of progressing osteoarthropathic alterations in patients reporting more than five joint haemorrhages before onset of prophylaxis whereas no joint alterations could be assessed in patients with no or only one joint bleeding episode prior to prophylaxis. Even a small number of joint bleedings seems to cause irreversible osteoarthropathic alterations leading to haemophilic arthropathy. Once apparent, further progression of joint damage could not be arrested despite of prophylactic treatment (groups II and III). In order to prevent haemophilic arthropathy, effective prophylaxis should be started before or at least after the first joint bleeding in severe haemophilia A and B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Haemophilia A and B • Prophylaxis ; Schlüsselwörter Hämophilie A und B • Prophylaxe • Gelenkblutung • Hämophile Arthropathie • Gelenkstatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Patienten mit schwerer Hämophilie A und B leiden unter rezidivierenden Gelenkblutungen, deren Folge osteoarthropathische Veränderungen im Sinne einer hämophilen Arthropathie sind. Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie untersuchten wir die Bedeutung des Alters bei Beginn einer Langzeitprophylaxe sowie den Einfluß der Anzahl der Gelenkblutungen vor und während Prophylaxe auf das radiologische und orthopädische „Outcome“ des Gelenkstatus bei Patienten mit schwerer und mittelschwerer Hämophilie A und B. Bisher ausgewertet wurden 21 schwere und mittelschwere Hämophilie-A- und -B-Patienten, die zwischen 3,1 und 16,1 Jahren eine Langzeitprophylaxe mit Faktor-(F)-VIII- bzw. IX-Konzentraten durchführten. Die Patienten wurden nach dem Alter bei Beginn der Prophylaxe in 3 Gruppen unterteilt: •In Gruppe I wurde innerhalb der ersten beiden Lebensjahre, spätestens nach der ersten Gelenkblutung, mit der prophylaktischen Behandlung begonnen. •In Gruppe II begann die Prophylaxe zwischen dem 3. und 6. Lebensjahr nach 6 Gelenkblutungen (Median) und in •Gruppe III ab dem 6. Lebensjahr, nachdem es zu rezidivierenden Gelenkblutungen (〉 10) gekommen war. Patienten mit Hämophilie A wurden 3mal wöchentlich oder alle 2 Tage mit 30–40 IE, in manchen Fällen bis zu 50 IE F VIII/kg KG substituiert, während Hämophilie-B-Patienten F IX-Konzentrate in gleicher Dosierung 2mal wöchentlich oder alle 3 Tage verabreicht wurden. Zur Erfassung und Quantifizierung möglicher Gelenkveränderungen wurden die von der WFH (World Federation of Hemophilia) empfohlenen standardisierten orthopädischen und radiologischen Scores in 3 bis 4jährigen Abständen erhoben. Zusätzlich wurde die Anzahl der Gelenkblutungen vor und unter prophylaktischer Behandlung dokumentiert. In Gruppe I wiesen 7 von 8 Patienten einen unauffälligen radiologischen und orthopädischen Gelenkstatus sowohl bei Studienbeginn als auch bei Kontrolle nach 4 Jahren auf. Ein unauffälliger radiologischer und orthopädischer Gelenkscore konnte ebenfalls bei Studienbeginn in Gruppe II detektiert werden. Allerdings kam es nach 4 Jahren prophylaktischer Behandlung zu Erstmanifestationen osteoarthropathischer Gelenkveränderungen (orthopädischer Score im Median 4, radiologischer Score im Median 8). Bei den Patienten der Behandlungsgruppe III lagen bereits zu Studienbeginn Gelenkveränderungen vor (radiologischer Score 11 im Median, Spannweite 0–33; orthopädischer Score 4 im Median, Spannweite 0–11 Punkte). Zwar konnte unter prophylaktischer Behandlung eine deutliche Reduktion der Gelenkblutungen erzielt werden; dennoch kam es zu einer Progredienz der bereits vorhandenen Gelenkschäden, zu erkennen an einem Anstieg der radiologischen und orthopädischen Scores im Verlauf (radiologischer Score: 19,5 Punkte im Median; orthopädischer Score: 8 Punkte im Median). Beim statistischen Vergleich des radiologisch untersuchten Gelenkstatus innerhalb der 3 Behandlungsgruppen konnte ein signifikanter Gruppenunterschied festgestellt werden (p 〈 0,01; Wilcoxon-Rank-Sum-Test): Die Gruppe I, die frühzeitig behandelte Gruppe wies den besten und die Gruppe III, die sekundärprophylaktisch behandelte Gruppe den schlechtesten Gelenkstatus auf. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang konnte ebenfalls zwischen der Anzahl der Gelenkblutungen und den im Verlauf erhobenen radiologischen Scores erhoben werden (r = 0.921, p 〈 0.01), wobei die Anzahl der Gelenkblutungen mit der Höhe des radiologischen Scores positiv korrelierte. Bereits wenige Gelenkblutungen führen zu irreversiblen osteoarthropathischen Veränderungen. Die einzige effiziente Möglichkeit der Prävention der hämophilen Arthropathie bei schweren Hämophilen stellt demzufolge eine frühzeitig begonnene Langzeitprophylaxe zur Vermeidung von Gelenkblutungen dar.
    Notes: Summary Radiological and orthopaedic outcome in severe and moderate haemophilia A and B patients undergoing long-term prophylactic treatment were prospectively investigated focusing on the age of onset of prophylaxis and the number of joint bleedings prior to treatment. We report on 21 patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A and B receiving prophylactic treatment of between 3.1 and 16.1 years duration. Three patient groups were evaluated according to the age at onset of prophylaxis. In group I (n = 8) prophylactic treatment was initiated in the first 2 years of life. Patients of group II (n = 6) received prophylaxis at the age of 3–6 years. Late-onset or secondary prophylactic treatment was started at the age of 6 years and above in 7 patients (group III). All patients received virus-inactivated F VIII or F IX concentrates at dosages of 30–40 IU, in some cases up to 50 IU/kg body weight i. v. three times per week for those with haemophilia A and twice per week for those with haemophilia B. Elbow, knee and ankle joints were investigated at 3–4 yearly intervals according to the radiological and orthopaedic scores recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH). The total number of joint bleedings before and after start of prophylaxis were recorded in all patients. In group I 7 out of 8 patients had unaffected joints with constant radiological and orthopaedic scores of zero or 1, after a median of 11.25 years of prophylactic treatment. One patient in this group demonstrated mild radiological alterations (score 4). Patients of group II showed neither radiological nor orthopaedic alterations at study entry. Worsening joint scores could be detected despite ongoing prophylaxis after the 3-year interval (median orthopaedic score 4, median radiological score 8). Treatment group III already showed considerable joint damage at study entry with a median radiological score of 11 (0-33) and a median orthopaedic score of 4 (0–11). Despite prophylactic treatment both, orthopaedic (median 8, range 2–12) and radiological scores (median 19.5, range 2–47) deteriorated after 3 years. Prior to onset of prophylaxis no or only one joint bleeding occurred in treatment group I. In group II, a median of 6 joint bleeds (range 1–8) were reported before prophylaxis was started. Patients of group III usually experienced a median of more than 10 joint haemorrhages (range 6–10 or more). Under prophylactic treatment the number of joint bleedings decreased significantly in groups II and III. However, radiological and orthopaedic scores increased as a sign of progressing osteoarthropathic alterations in patients reporting more than 6 joint haemorrhages before onset of prophylaxis whereas no joint alterations could be assessed in patients with no or only one joint bleeding episode prior to prophylaxis. Even a small number of joint bleedings seems to cause irreversible osteoarthropathic alterations leading to haemophilic arthropathy. Once apparent, further progression of joint damage could not be arrested despite of prophylactic treatment (group II and III). In order to prevent haemophilic arthropathy, effective prophylaxis should be started before or at least after the first joint bleeding in severe haemophilia A and B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Hemophilic arthropathy ; Early vs. later onset of prophylaxis ; Radiological and orthopedic score ; Target joints ; Joint bleeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to evaluate joint alteration, 17 patients with hemophilia A and B were investigated over a period of 4 years (1993–1997). Patients were subdivided into two groups, according to therapy regimens. In group 1 (n=10) prophylactic treatment was initiated until the third year of life. In group 2 (n=7) patients received prophylactic treatment at the age of 5 years and above. To assess alterations in knee, elbow, and ankle joints, the radiological score and the physical examination score of the Orthopedic Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Hemophilia were used. The sum of the scores of these six joints was defined as the patient-dependent score. Patients of group 1 (median age at the end of observation: 10 years) reached a median radiological score of 1.0 (range: 0–13) and an orthopedic score of 0 (range: 0–4), whereas patients of group 2 (median age: 14 years) had a radiological score of 20 (range: 2–47) and an orthopedic score of 8 (range: 0–12), which shows a significant difference (p〈0.01). In both treatment groups a manifestation or progression of arthropathic alteration was seen in those children who had repeated joint bleeding (〉5) prior to the onset of prophylactic treatment (r=0.90, p〉0.01). Altogether, two of 60 joints in group 1 and 12 of 42 joints in group 2 had a radiological score ≥4. Elbow joints were more often affected than knee and ankle joints. In conclusion, the number of joint bleedings before prophylactic treatment was started influenced the progression of arthropathy even in patients with early onset of prophylaxis. The aim of treatment in severe hemophilia should be early prophylaxis before repeated joint bleeding occurs in order to prevent osteoarthropathic alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Haemophilia A ; Thrombosis ; Continuous infusion ; F V Leiden ; Thrombolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a 14-year-old boy with severe haemophilia A who developed a portal vein thrombosis during continuous infusion of F VIII. For treatment of a posttraumatic intramural jejunal haematoma with extension into the mesenterium the patient received continuous infusion (CI) of a high purity F VIII concentrate, starting with an initial bolus injection of 100 IU F VIII/kg bw and followed by 4–5 IU F VIII/kg bw/h i.v. F VIII plasma activity ranged between 47 and 88%. Resorption of the haematoma was proven by abdominal ultrasonic follow-ups. After 3 weeks of CI a thrombus formation in the portal vein was detected by ultrasound and confirmed by duplex ultrasound. Subsequent to diagnosis the patient was heparinised with unfractionated heparin (UFH 300–450 IU/kg/d i.v.). In order to induce further resorption of the haematoma, F VIII concentrate was given concomitantly (50 IU/kg bw twice daily) during the initial phase of treatment. After 14 days of anticoagulant therapy with UFH, the regimen was changed to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; Fraxiparin 0.3™; 2850 IU anti-X activity/d s.c.; bw 60 kg). F VIII dosage was gradually reduced with advanced resorption of the haematoma and thereafter switched to prophylaxis (40 IU/kg bw 3 times weekly). Complete lysis of the thrombus was observed after 6 months of treatment with UFH and LMWH respectively without any further complications. Thereafter LMWH was discontinued. Thrombophilic screening revealed no abnormalities except heterozygous F V G1691A. Conclusion The coexistence of a common prothrombotic risk factor and haemophilia may cause severe complications, in particular if the bleeding disorder has to be corrected temporarily by administration of the concerning deficient agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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