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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-function relationships within peripheral nerves in diabetic neuropathy: the hydration hypothesis (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To define the quantitative relationship between peripheral nerve structure and function imposed by endoneurial oedema in the diabetic state, we determined values for sural nerve hydration structure as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and for neurological function with scores for nerve conduction properties (NCV-score), neuropathic symptoms (NS-score), and examination signs (NE-score). The coefficient of sural nerve hydration was elevated to 30±6% (p〈0.05) in 79 symptomatic neuropathic diabetic subjects with an average of 15 years of diabetes mellitus, compared to a value of 25±3% in 72 non-diabetic control subjects. In contrast, in 75 asymptomatic diabetic subjects with an average of 6 additional years of diabetes, the mean hydration coefficient was only 28±5% (p〈0.05). A nerve hyperhydration state was identified with a prevalence of 25% within the asymptomatic group characterized by nerve hydration greater than the 95th percentile, early changes in nerve electrophysiology and neurological examination, but with no symptomatology of neuropathy. Stratification of the symptomatic neuropathic group by worsening nerve electrophysiology, demonstrates a coincident deterioration in neurological examination (RR=5.39 at maximum NCV-score), and neuropathy symptomatology (RR=4.80 at maximum NE-score). The present data are consistent with the hypothesis that endoneurial oedema initiates deterioration sequentially in nerve electrophysiology, followed by abnormal findings on neurological examination, preceding the patient's final perception of symptomatic stocking-glove peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400675
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-function relationships within peripheral nerves in diabetic neuropathy: the hydration hypothesis (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetic neuropathy ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To define the quantitative relationship between peripheral nerve structure and function imposed by endoneurial oedema in the diabetic state, we determined values for sural nerve hydration structure as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and for neurological function with scores for nerve conduction properties (NCV-score), neuropathic symptoms (NS-score), and examination signs (NE-score). The coefficient of sural nerve hydration was elevated to 30 ± 6 % (p 〈 0.05) in 79 symptomatic neuropathic diabetic subjects with an average of 15 years of diabetes mellitus, compared to a value of 25 ± 3 % in 72 non-diabetic control subjects. In contrast, in 75 asymptomatic diabetic subjects with an average of 6 additional years of diabetes, the mean hydration coefficient was only 28 ± 5 % (p 〈 0.05). A nerve hyperhydration state was identified with a prevalence of 25 % within the asymptomatic group characterized by nerve hydration greater than the 95th percentile, early changes in nerve electrophysiology and neurological examination, but with no symptomatology of neuropathy. Stratification of the symptomatic neuropathic group by worsening nerve electrophysiology, demonstrates a coincident deterioration in neurological examination (RR = 5.39 at maximum NCV-score), and neuropathy symptomatology (RR = 4.80 at maximum NE-score). The present data are consistent with the hypothesis that endoneurial oedema initiates deterioration sequentially in nerve electrophysiology, followed by abnormal findings on neurological examination, preceding the patient's final perception of symptomatic stocking-glove peripheral diabetic neuropathy. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 439–446]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400675
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of diazoxide-induced hormonal secretion on plasma triglyceride concentration in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diazoxide ; TSH ; rat ; triglyceride ; non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) ; ketone bodies ; glucagon ; catecholamines ; insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) mobilization and hepatic conversion to plasma triglycerides (TG), as modulated by diazoxide-induced effects upon endogenous catecholamine, glucagon, and insulin secretion, was examined in vivo in the rat. Thyrotropin (TSH)-induced NEFA mobilization provided the control study. — In all control experiments, TSH (1.5 IU/ 100 g) induced a 110% increase in NEFA availability, which was associated with a subsequent 52% increase in plasma TG concentration and a 73% increase in plasma ketone bodies. Following diazoxide administration (30 mg/kg), endogenous secretion of both catecholamines and glucagon was observed, resulting in a comparable 100% increase in NEFA availability, with the appropriate ketonaemic response. However, in contrast to the control TSH study, plasma triglyceride concentration did not increase. This suppression was secondary, at least in part, to a direct 40% inhibition of hepatic secretion of triglycerides. — Although plasma NEFA concentration is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, the concurrent concentration of endogenous catecholamines, glucagon, and insulin modulate the hepatic conversion of NEFA to triglycerides in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normalization of plasma insulin profiles with intraperitoneal insulin infusion in diabetic man (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Peritoneum ; peritoneal cavity ; insulin ; insulin delivery ; insulin pump ; diabetic ; insulin profile ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined the feasibility of normalizing the plasma insulin profile in five insulin deficient diabetic males. Acute meal-related increases in plasma free insulin concentration were achieved by administering short-acting insulin intraperitoneally with a pre-programmed portable rotary splenoid driven pump. This insulin response was compared to that achieved when short-acting insulin was injected subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to each meal. After intraperitoneal insulin maximal plasma free insulin concentration was observed within 45 minutes of administration, and averaged 40±13 mU/l (±SEM) for breakfast, 30±13 mU/l for lunch, and 36±13 mU/l for supper. This acute rise was followed by a gradual decline in plasma free insulin concentration, simulating a normal plasma insulin profile. With subcutaneously injected insulin, approximately the same maximal plasma free insulin concentration was obtained as observed with intraperitoneal insulin, but it was delayed 116 minutes following injection. These data suggest that intraperitoneally delivered insulin is rapidly absorbed and may normalize the peripheral plasma free insulin concentration, at least during short-term studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258308
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic response to norepinephrine in normal versus diabetic man (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 15 (1978), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetics ; norepinephrine ; ketone body ; insulin ; glucose ; triglyceride ; nonesterified fatty acid ; glucagon ; catecholamines ; metabolic response ; counter-regulatory hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Norepinephrine was infused for 60 minutes in high physiological concentration (0.08 μg/ kg/min) into seven insulin dependent diabetic subjects with no demonstrable endogenous insulin secretion and into seven normal subjects. Insulin dependent diabetic subjects had a stable, free insulin concentration of 23±5 μU/ml which was unaffected by norepinephrine infusion. In the normal subjects, norepinephrine induced an initial inhibition of insulin secretion which lasted for approximately 20 minutes. Norepinephrine infusion caused a rapid increase in both ketone body and glucose concentrations but this response did not differ between the two groups. In contrast, plasma nonesterified fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations were increased significantly more in the normal than in the diabetic subjects. The increase in plasma glucagon concentrations was similar in the two groups of subjects. The cause of the differential metabolic response to norepinephrine between the normal and diabetic groups was not resolved, but may be related, at least in part, to suppression of endogenous insulin secretion in the normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342866
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of endogenous insulin secretion to the ketogenic response to glucagon in man (1975)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 555-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; ketogenic ; lipolytic ; betahydroxybutyrate ; ketone ; obese ; diabetic ; free fatty acid ; diabetic ketosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude and direction of the lipolytic and ketogenic responses following exogenous glucagon administration is controversial and consideration of the possible role of endogenous insulin secretion upon these events has not been clarified. The present study examines the role of endogenous insulin secretion in modulating the net lipolytic and ketogenic activity of glucagon. Three groups characterized by different levels of endogenous insulin secretory capacity were studied. In all three groups, the responses in plasma insulin, betahydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids were observed following bolus administration of 1.0 μg/kg glucagon. In the obese subjects with increased endogenous insulin secretion, glucagon administration resulted in a decline below basal levels of both free fatty acid and betahydroxybutyrate. In the diabetic subjects with no demonstrable endogenous insulin secretion, glucagon administration was followed by a rise in plasma free fatty acids and an exaggerated rise in plasma betahydroxybutyrate. The normal control group exhibited a response in betahydroxybutyrate midway between the obese and diabetic groups. These observations support the thesis that the magnitude of endogenous insulin secretion modulates the lipolytic and ketogenic actions of glucagon in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01222106
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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