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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute toxicity of bicyclic phosphorus esters (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Bicyclic phosphorus esters ; 4-Ethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclic (2.2.2)-octane-1-oxide ; 4-Ethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo (2.2.2)-octane ; Acute toxicity ; combustion products-polyurethane ; Bicyclische Phosphorester ; 4-Äthyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo (2,2,2) octan-1-oxid ; 4-Äthyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo (2,2,2) octan ; Akute Toxicität ; Verbrennungsprodukte-Polyurethan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die akute Toxicität von 4-Äthyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan-1 -oxid und 4-Äthyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan wurde bei verschiedenen Tierarten mittels verschiedener Applikationsarten bestimmt. Die Verbindungen stimulieren die Aktivität des Zentralnervensystems und sind hoch toxisch. Sie zeigen keine kumulativ-toxischen Wirkungen. Das Vorhandensein des bicyclischen Phosphatesters in den Verbrennungsprodukten von spezifischen Polyurethan-Hartschäumen wird diskutiert. Es wird in Frage gestellt, ob dieses Produkt in einer Brandsituation eine zusätzliche Gefahrenquelle darstellt.
    Notes: Abstract The acute toxicity of 4-ethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo (2.2.2) octane-1-oxide and 4-ethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo (2.2.2) octane has been determined by different routes of application in various species of animals. The compounds stimulate the activity of the central nervous system and are highly toxic. They showed no toxic cumulative effects. The presence of the bicyclic phosphate ester in the combustion products of specific rigid polyurethane foams is dicussed. The question is raised whether there may be an additional hazard caused by this combustion product in a real fire situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372769
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered lung function in rats after subacute exposure to n-butyl isocyanate (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 118-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Pulmonary function measurements ; Obstructive lung disease ; Lung lavage ; Blood gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objectives of this study were to use pulmonary function tests, blood gas measurements and bronchoalveolar lung lavage (BAL) to characterize lesions in the respiratory tract of young adult male Wistar rats as a result of a 5-day exposure (6 h/day) to 0, 1.1, 6.2, 15 or 26 mg n-butyl isocyanate (n-BIC)/m3 air. Further objectives were to probe the diagnostic sensitivities of these procedures in comparison with more traditional evaluations (clinical observation, lung weight, histopathology). Measurements were performed during post-exposure weeks 2 and 5. Most rats exposed to 26 mg/m3 died or were sacrificed in a moribund state during post-exposure week 2. All other rats survived the exposure regimen. In rats exposed to 15 and 26 mg/m3 a significant decrease in body weight, laboured breathing, hypoactivity, nasal discharge, cyanosis, and hypothermia were observed. Pulmonary function measurements revealed increased total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV), decreased forced expiratory flow rates and quasistatic compliance in rats exposed to 26 mg/m3. At the end of the observation period rats exposed to 6.2 and 15 mg/m3 air were hyperresponsive to an acetylcholine bronchoprovocation aerosol. Arterial blood gas measurements revealed an arterial hypoxia and an increase in venous admixture, suggesting a severe mismatch of the ventilation-perfusion relationship, Biochemical and cellular components in BAL fluid (BALF) indicated a concentration dependent and protracted increase of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and further inflammatory parameters. In the 1.1 mg/m3 group BALF parameters were not significantly elevated. The major histopathological lesions of the lung were thickening of septa, emphysema, and intra-alveolar oedema in rats exposed to 26 mg/m3. Collectively, these results demonstrate obstructive and progressive lung disease with associated gas trapping and severe disturbance of the ventilation perfusion relationship which is considered to be the cause of delayed mortality. In terms of variability and sensitivity the increase in BALF parameters was most sensitive in indicating the diseased state of the lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Toxicität von Methylisocyanat und dessen quantitativer Bestimmung in der Luft (1964)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 20 (1964), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Inhalationstoxicität und das Verhalten von Methylisocyanat an der Haut werden tierexperimentell untersucht. Methylisocyanat verursacht noch in starken Verdünnungen bei Einatmung Lungenödem. Diese Verbindung besitzt in hohem Grade haut- und schleimhautschädigende Wirkungen. Über eine praktische Handhabung dieser Verbindung in Labor und Fabrik wird diskutiert. Eine Analysenmethode zur Bestimmung von Methylisocyanat in der Luft wird angegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577897
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpersonal Negotiation Strategies in a Sample of Older Women (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical geropsychology 6 (2000), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3556
    Keywords: older women ; conflict ; anger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Suppressed anger resulting from poorly resolved interpersonal conflicts can increase morbidity. The current generation of older women may be particularly susceptible to morbidity caused by anger inhibition due to socialization to be submissive in interpersonal conflicts. For purposes of disease prevention, we asked 35 older women to describe an interpersonal conflict experienced recently, and how they responded to it. Data coding was based on Selman's model of interpersonal negotiation strategies, which has been used to assess the conflicts of children, adolescents, and young adults, but not older adults. We found that many participants used strategies in which they expressed their point of view in order to persuade the other person. Of those who were expressive, however, many ended up submitting to the other person's demands nonetheless. Thus, overall, most participants used submissive strategies. Conflicts with strangers and acquaintances were frequently reported, and reports included comments about feeling vulnerable. Stereotypic beliefs about age and health also emerged in reports, and seemed related to submissive responses. Our findings suggest that older women would benefit from training in constructive strategies for resolving interpersonal conflicts. Training efforts should reflect the ways in which stereotypic beliefs about age, health, and vulnerability may interfere with constructive strategy choice, and should emphasize the health benefits of constructively dealing with conflict.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009524207027
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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