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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new Strouhal–Reynolds-number relationship for the circular cylinder in the range 47〈Re〈2×105 (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 10 (1998), S. 1547-1549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on experiments a new law is proposed for the vortex shedding from a circular cylinder which describes in a consistent way the Strouhal–Reynolds-number dependency as Sr=Sr*+m/Re from the beginning of the vortex shedding at Re=47 up to the laminar–turbulent transition of the cylinder boundary layer at Re〉2×105. The various vortex shedding processes, occurring with increasing Reynolds number, are described by different coefficients Sr* and m. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869675
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A low-dimensional Galerkin method for the three-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 124-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low-dimensional Galerkin method for the three-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder is constructed. The investigation of the wake solutions for a variety of basic modes, Hilbert spaces, and expansion modes reveals general mathematical and physical aspects which may strongly effect the success of low-dimensional simulations. Besides the cylinder wake, detailed information about the construction of similar low-dimensional Galerkin methods for the sphere wake, the boundary-layer, the flow in a channel or pipe, the Taylor–Couette problem, and a variety of other flows is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868433
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional stability analysis of the periodic flow around a circular cylinder (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1279-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The onset of three-dimensionality in the von Kármán vortex street behind a circular cylinder is investigated by carrying out the first global, nonparallel, three-dimensional stability analysis of the periodic flow. This flow is found to become unstable at a Reynolds number of 170 by a critical, three-dimensional Floquet mode with a spanwise wavelength of 1.8 diam. The spatial structure of this mode indicates that the onset of three-dimensionality is due to a near-wake instability and not caused by a stagnation-line or a boundary-layer instability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858616
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of a von Kármán vortex street at low Reynolds numbers (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1707-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time signals of transient von Kármán vortex streets are represented as trajectories in a two-dimensional state space for Reynolds numbers between 53 and 148. From this representation, a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations with ten coefficients is derived and used as a model for the description of the asymptotic dynamics. Most of these coefficients are only slightly dependent on the Reynolds number, and some of them also reflect the change in vortex shedding dynamics. With the obtained low-dimensional model, the response of the vortex street to external sinusoidal and square wave signals is predicted. Furthermore, it is shown that an excessively large excitation of the vortex street by sound can lead to a more complicated higher-dimensional dynamical state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858391
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of the spanwise cellular structure of the laminar wake of wall-bounded circular cylinders (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 869-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: End effects give rise to cells of different frequencies appearing simultaneously across the span of a circular cylinder in the laminar Reynolds number range. Each cell is associated with a different angle between the vortex axis and the cylinder. König et al. [Phys. Fluids A 2, 1607 (1990)] suggested that the discontinuities in the Reynolds–Strouhal number relationship are due to the movement of the cell boundaries across the span with the Reynolds number. In this Letter, flow visualization of the parallel, intermediate, extreme and end-cell modes of vortex shedding supports these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858266
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortex splitting and its consequences in the vortex street wake of cylinders at low Reynolds number (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on the observation of vortex splitting in the laminar wake of thin flat plates placed parallel to the flow, an investigation on the consequences of such events for the von Kármán vortex street in the wake of circular cylinders was carried out. It was found that a "design break line'' of vortex axes can lead to the decoupling of a wake flow from the always present disturbances deriving from the ends. The decoupling gives rise to parallel vortex shedding of a slightly higher frequency, instead of the oblique or slanted vortex shedding at a lower frequency usually observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857488
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the transition of the cylinder wake (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 779-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transition of the cylinder wake is investigated experimentally in a water channel and is computed numerically using a finite-difference scheme. Four physically different instabilities are observed: a local "vortex-adhesion mode,'' and three near-wake instabilities, which are associated with three different spanwise wavelengths of approximately 1, 2, and 4 diam. All four instability processes can originate in a narrow Reynolds-number interval between 160 and 230, and may give rise to different transition scenarios. Thus, Williamson's [Phys. Fluids 31, 3165 (1988)] experimental observation of a hard transition is for the first time numerically reproduced, and is found to be induced by the vortex-adhesion mode. Without vortex adhesion, a soft onset of three-dimensionality is numerically and experimentally obtained. A control-wire technique is proposed, which suppresses transition up to a Reynolds number of 230. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868601
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete shedding modes in the von Kármán vortex street (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1846-1848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the laminar vortex street behind a circular cylinder, only few distinct shedding modes for a large range of aspect ratios and various end conditions are observed. The nth mode is characterized by a Strouhal number Stn and a shedding angle, θn, both of which vary continuously with the Reynolds number. The experimentally observed discontinuities in the Strouhal–Reynolds number relationship are transitions between these shedding modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure in the Strouhal–Reynolds number relationship of the laminar wake of a circular cylinder (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1607-1614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There is experimental evidence that at least three discontinuities in the Strouhal number–Reynolds number relationship in the Reynolds number range 50–160 may exist under certain conditions. The appearance of discontinuities depends on how the cylinder is bounded at both ends, the aspect ratio, and the turbulence level of the oncoming flow. The discontinuity at Re≈90 observed by Tritton [J. Fluid Mech. 6, 547 (1959)] is therefore a three-dimensional effect. The discontinuities in the shedding frequency are accompanied by sudden changes in the shedding angle. Parallel vortex shedding results in the highest possible shedding frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857568
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The motion of droplets in a vertical temperature gradient (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1460-1466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermocapillary migration of single water droplets in butyl benzoate was investigated using the Plateau configuration. The droplets were injected below the level of equal density in the stably stratified butyl benzoate. Because of buoyancy and Marangoni force, the droplets rise until these forces balance each other. For seven different temperature gradients the final position of four to eight single droplets was determined. The reciprocal diameter was found to be a linear function of the deflection from the height of equal density. A systematic deviation from the theory of Young, Goldstein, and Block [J. Fluid Mech. 6, 350 (1959)] was observed. This deviation was attributed to the convective heat transport inside and outside the droplet not covered by the theory. The experimental data could be fitted by introducing an effective temperature gradient that decreases with the square of the applied gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857323
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