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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomic site distribution of colon cancer by race and other colon cancer risk factors (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 42-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon cancer ; Subsite ; Race ; Blacks ; Diet ; Parity ; Histologic Type ; Grade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Black patients with colon cancer are more likely to have poorer survival from colon cancer than are white patients. To determine whether anatomic site differences might contribute to survival differences, we compared anatomic site distributions of black and white patients. METHODS: As part of the Black/White Cancer Survival Study, we collected medical record data for 1,045 patients from Atlanta, New Orleans, and San Francisco/Oakland, newly diagnosed in 1985 or 1986 and interviewed 745 of them. RESULTS: In polychotomous logistic regression analysis, site was related to stage, grade, and histologic type and among women with age, parity, and possibly smoking. However, it was not related to race, except perhaps among men age 65 and older, among whom blacks were somewhat likely to have more transverse and distal, not proximal, cancer. These relations were consistent across subgroups and were independent of other factors examined. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that site differences are unlikely to contribute to poorer survival commonly observed among black colon cancer patients in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053856
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on urinary tract cancer: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial (Finland) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 933-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Beta-carotene ; chemoprevention ; randomized controlled trials ; renal cell cancer ; urothelial cancer ; vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Epidemiological studies have suggested a protective effect of vegetables and fruits on urinary tract cancer but the possible protective nutrients are unknown. We studied the effect of alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) and beta-carotene supplementation on urinary tract cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Methods: A total of 29,133 male smokers aged 50–69 years from southwestern Finland were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or a placebo daily for 5–8 years (median 6.1 years). Incident urothelial cancers (bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis; n = 169) and renal cell cancers (n = 102) were identified through the nationwide cancer registry. The diagnoses were centrally confirmed by review of medical records and pathology specimens. The supplementation effects were estimated using a proportional hazards model. Results: Neither alpha-tocopherol nor beta-carotene affected the incidence of urothelial cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–1.5) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.3), respectively, or the incidence of renal cell cancer, relative risk 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.6) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.6–1.3), respectively. Conclusion: Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene has no preventive effect on urinary tract cancers in middle-aged male smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026546803917
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of supplemental α-tocopherol and β-carotene on colorectal cancer: results from a controlled trial (Finland) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: α-tocopherol ; β-carotene ; chemoprevention ; colorectal cancer ; micronutrients ; trial ; vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Some epidemiological investigations suggest that higher intake or biochemical status of vitamin E and β-carotene might be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Methods:We tested the effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation on the incidence of colorectal cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 29,133 50–69-year-old male cigarette smokers. Participants were randomly assigned to receive α-tocopherol (50 mg), β-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or a placebo daily for 5–8 years. Incident colorectal cancers (n = 135) were identified through the nationwide cancer registry, and 99% were histologically confirmed. Intervention effects were evaluated using survival analysis and proportional hazards models. Results:Colorectal cancer incidence was somewhat lower in the α-tocopherol arm compared to the no α-tocopherol arm, but this finding was not statistically significant (relative risk (RR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–1.09; log-rank test p = 0.15). β-Carotene had no effect on colorectal cancer incidence (RR=1.05, 95% CI 0.75–1.47; log-rank test p = 0.78). There was no interaction between the two substances. Conclusion:Our study found no evidence of a beneficial or harmful effect for β-carotene in colorectal cancer in older male smokers, but does provide suggestive evidence that vitamin E supplementation may have had a modest preventive effect. The latter finding is in accord with previous research linking higher vitamin E status to reduced colorectal cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008936214087
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychosocial and physical outcomes of primary breast cancer therapy: Mastectomy vs excisional biopsy and irradiation (1983)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 3 (1983), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; excisional biopsy ; mastectomy ; psychosocial outcome ; radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-eight patients treated for primary breast cancer as part of a prospective randomized clinical trial were questioned retrospectively as to their psychosocial adaptation to treatment. Twenty patients had received mastectomy and eighteen had received excisional biopsy plus radiation of the intact breast. Aside from body image concerns, there were no marked psychosocial differences detected between these groups. Previous studies emphasizing serious psychological problems in mastectomy patients and fewer such problems in nonmastectomy patients may be influenced by biases that are not present in a randomized study design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01807591
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning linear trends in age-adjusted rates (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: age-adjusted rates ; cancer mortality ; linear models ; regression analysis ; surveillance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Surveillance of chronic diseases includes monitoring trends in age-adjusted rates in the general population. Statistics that are calculated to describe and compare trends include the annual percent change and the percent change for a specified time period. However, it is also of interest to determine the contribution specific diseases make to an overall trend in order to better understand the impact of interventions and changes in the prevalence of risk factors. The objective here is to provide a method for partitioning a linear trend in age-adjusted rates into disease-specific components. Methods: The method presented is based on linear regression. The decreasing trend in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates for the total United States during the period 1991–96 is analyzed to illustrate the method. Results: Trends in mortality for cancers of the colon/rectum, breast, lung/bronchus, and prostate are found to be responsible for 75% of the decreasing trend in cancer mortality. Conclusions: It is possible to partition an overall trend in age-adjusted rates under the assumption that it and the trends for all mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups of interest are linear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008953201688
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences between Black and White patients with cancer of the uterine corpus in interval from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation (United States) (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 7 (1996), S. 328-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Blacks ; health behavior ; health services accessibility ; race ; United States ; uterine neoplasms ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether Black women with symptoms of uterine corpus cancer had longer times from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation than did White women in the United States, 331 newly diagnosed patients living in Atlanta (GA), New Orleans (LA), and San Francisco/Oakland (CA) during 1985–87 were interviewed to collect information on symptoms, dates of recognition and consultation, and other factors that might affect the interval. Data were analyzed to estimate medical consultation rates and rate ratios following sysptom recognition. Median recalled times between symptom recognition and consultation were 16 days for Black women and 14 days for White women. Although poverty, having no usual source of healthcare, and other factors were associated with lower consultation rates, the adjusted rate among Black women was only somewhat lower (0.87) than among White women, and the 95 percent confidence interval (CI=0.58–1.31) was consistent with no true difference between the races. In addition, the median time to consultation for women with stage IV cancer was only 15 days longer than the time (14 days) for the women with stage I cancer. These results suggest that time from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation does not contribute importantly to the more advanced stage cancer of the uterine corpus commonly found among Black women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052938
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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