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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defoliation pattern, foraging behaviour and diet selection by lactating dairy cows in response to sward height and herbage allowance of a ryegrass-dominated pasture (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The effects of sward surface height (SSH) and daily herbage allowance (HA) on the defoliation pattern and grazing mechanics of early lactation dairy cows grazing on irrigated perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture were studied. The hypothesis tested was that SSH and HA affect intake and diet selection through their effects on the pattern of defoliation which is influenced by the resistance to prehension bites.Factorial combinations of two initial SSH (14 and 28 cm) and two daily HA (35 and 70 kg DM cow−1 d−1) were examined in a replicated experiment. The peak longitudinal tensile force required to break the sward portion encompassed in a 100 cm2 area [bite fracture force (BFF100)] was measured as an index of the resistance to prehension.The volume of herbage defoliated and herbage intake increased with SSH (P 〈 0·05) and HA (P 〈 0·01). Corresponding to an increase in HA from 35 to 70 kg DM cow−1 d−1, there was a proportional increase in the total defoliation area (TDA) and intake by 0·24 and 0·55 in the short sward compared with 0·16 and 0·32 in the tall sward respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that a consistent spatial pattern of reduction of the canopy exists during defoliation by cows and that the volume of sward canopy defoliated is the major variable affecting herbage intake.The BFF increased down the sward profile at a rate that was higher (P 〈 0·05) for the taller sward than for the shorter sward. It is proposed that a relatively lower resistance to prehension in the short sward compared with the tall sward explains the greater proportionate increase in TDA and intake corresponding to an increase in HA. The rate at which BFF100 increases down the sward profile is suggested as a sward physical variable that can influence the defoliation process. The estimated time and energy costs of prehension bites are discussed in the context that larger bites are handled more efficiently than smaller bites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00374.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    All-optical synchronization of self-pulsating laser diodes (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3534-3536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We examine the behavior of self-pulsating laser diodes when injected with periodic optical signals. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the phase difference between the injected optical signal and the synchronized self-pulsating laser diode emission. We explore the phase difference dependence on detuning between the laser free-running self-pulsation frequency and the applied signal frequency, and on the injected signal power. The determined sensitive dependence of the phase difference on these factors has important consequences when self-pulsating lasers are used as optical signal processing elements in all-optical communication networks, where such sensitivity may lead to timing problems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116521
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A COMPARISON OF Microbacterium thermosphactum AND LACTOBACILLI AS SPOILAGE ORGANISMS OF VACUUM-PACKAGED SLICED LUNCHEON MEATS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The spoilage of vacuum-packaged sliced luncheon meats at 5°C by Microbacterium thermosphactum and lactobacilli was studied using analytical taste panels. M. thermosphactum caused rapid spoilage. “Off” aroma was significant at about the time the bacterial population reached 108/g and “off” flavor 2–3 days later. In contrast homofermentative lactobacilli caused spoilage much more slowly. No “off” aroma was detected with products which had carried a population of 108/e. for 21 days the time at which “off” flavor first became significant. Heterofermentative lactobacilli were intermediate in their effect. Thus shelf life is dependent upon the types of bacteria present. Under such circumstances a “total count” microbiological standard is of little value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb07602.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Significance of Lactobacilli and Film Permeability in the Spoilage of Vacuum-Packaged Beef (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The spoilage of vacuum-packaged fresh beef during storage at 5°C was studied using analytical taste panels. In the absence of contaminating micro-organisms, meat spoiled due to the development of an “off” flavor described as “liver-like.” This occurred even when the meat was packaged in bags made of film of very low oxygen permeability, but the rate of spoilage increased as the film permeability increased. Thus, vacuum-packaged beef has a limited shelf life even in the absence of a significant population of contaminating microorganisms. Pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria increased the rate of spoilage, which was then due largely to the development of flavor defects described as sour, acid and bitter. Depending upon the strain of bacteria chosen, off flavor became significant 13—28 days after the population reached 108/cm2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb07630.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ident-a radioisotope-identification subroutine for use with the gamma-ray spectrum analysis program sampo
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Talanta 25 (1978), S. 21-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-9140
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039-9140(78)80071-X
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the design of broadband quasioptical systems for submillimeter-wave radio-astronomy receivers (1992)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 13 (1992), S. 1515-1537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we summarize the issues that should be considered when designing broadband quasioptical systems for submillimetre-wave radioastronomy receivers. We cover topics such as bandwidth, cross-talk, truncation, and aberrations, and we argue that it should be possible to manufacture high-efficiency systems that have several octaves of bandwidth. A key feature of the paper is that we use the language of multimode Gaussian optics throughout, and in this way, we emphasize that a receiver is a diffraction-limited imaging system rather than just a collection of components for guiding Gaussian beams. The whole discussion is conducted in terms of a particular system we are constructing for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01009233
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection limits and precisions in various irradiation and counting regimes (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The widespread introduction of rapid pneumatic sample transfer systems has enabled instrumental neutron activation analysis to be based on an increasing number of very short-lived activities. Furthermore, these transfer systems have been interfaced to computer-based MCA's so that the experimenter has complete control over irradiation, decay and counting times, as well as being able to arrange the automatic transfer of numbers of samples between the various stations. Thus the analyst now has a series of options available to him to make the best use of time and facilities. Based on the requirements of detection limits and precisions, he will choose between various irradiation and counting régimes (a) single i.e. conventional (b) cyclic and (c) repeated; or he may choose to replicate the sample a number of times. This paper examines how detection limits and precisions are affected by the above options. By considering a specific isotope, being detected in backgrounds of different half-lives, it is possible to calculate “signal-to-noise ratios” in each of these cases, and hence compare these régimes from this aspect. Based on calculations for the isotope77mSe (17.5 s), which is now being widely accepted as the basis for selenium analysis, it is shown that, if a low detection limit is the prime consideration, then replicating samples is the procedure of choice; however, if commercial considerations of sample throughput are important then a “pseudocyclic” régime would provide the best compromise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055008
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathways of pyruvate metabolism and energetics of growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Brochothrix ; chemostat ; phosphoroclastic cleavage ; pyruvate dehydrogenase ; pyruvate formate lyase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Brochothrix thermosphacta, a psychrophilic, facultative anaerobe, exhibited homolactic fermentation under anaerobic conditions in the presence of excess glucose. In glucose-limited chemostat culture (on synthetic medium), ethanol, acetate, formate and lactate were formed. Formation of ethanol and acetate was accounted for by the formate concentrations in culture filtrates. Acetate, formate and ethanol formation was enhanced at low growth rates in chemostat culture. O2-limited chemostat studies indicated that formate formation was inhibited by oxygen (〈0.2 μM) and studies with a variant, strain 301, which lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, showed that cell culture in basal medium did not occur at O2 tensions greater than that preventing formate production in the wild-type strain. The data are consistent with stimulation of pyruvate formate lyase activity by glucose limitation, possibly because of decreased concentrations of glycolytic intermediates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383081
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