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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In elephants, the limb posture in general and the angle of the knee joint in particular differs to those of most mammals. Although previous studies on the osteology of elephants are available, knowledge of the structure of their joints is sparse. The aim of this study was to provide an anatomical description of the African elephant's knee joint. Hindlimbs of six juvenile individuals of Loxodonta africana were dissected at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria (Onderstepoort, South Africa). All animals had lived in the Kruger National Park and were shot due to the regular culling program during the 1990s. The tight joint capsule encloses both the articulatio femorotibialis and the articulatio femoropatellaris. The articular surfaces of the tibial and femoral condyli show a high grade of congruency. The meniscuslateralis and especially the meniscusmedialis are very narrow merely resembling folds of the joint capsule. A ligamentum meniscofemorale is present. The Ligamentum cruciatum craniale attaches to the caudomedial surface of the condyluslateralisfemoris, passes the proximally flattened surface of the eminentiaintercondylaris tibiae and inserts on a craniolateral impression of this eminentia. The ligamentumcruciatumcaudale courses far caudally from the lateral surface of the condylusmedialisfemoris to the area intercondylariscaudalis. The tendon of origin of the m. popliteus passes caudoproximally over the meniscus lateralis and a recess of the joint capsule lies between this muscle and the condylus lateralis tibiae or the caput fibulae respectively. The ligamentumcollateralemediale and the smaller laterale are embedded within the thick fascial layers surrounding the knee. Retinacula patellae are not discernible. The ligamentum patellae attaches to the tuberositas tibiae and the distal tendon of the m. rectus femoris lies cranial to this ligament. It is likely that the structural peculiarities of the elephant's knee stand in close relationship with limb posture and weight bearing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 179 (1991), S. 124-129 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biochemistry 24 (1992), S. 121-128 
    ISSN: 0020-711X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science and Medicine. Part A Medical Psychology and Medical 14 (1980), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0271-7123
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1436-1437 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Studien an 8 cholecystektomierten, mit einerThomas-Kanüle versehenen, nicht-anaesthesierten Hunden konnte nach i.v. Injektion von 0,5 E pro kg Körpergewicht Lysin-8-Vasopressin eine Erhöhung des Gallenflusses um durchschnittlich 55% beobachtet werden. Da die biliäre Clearance von14C-Erythritol — ein Mass des canaliculären Gallenflusses — gleichzeitig anstieg, die Cholerese aber als Zusatz einer HCO3 —und Cl− reichen Flüssigkeit imponierte, scheint es wahrscheinlich, dass Vasopressin hepatocytäre und ductuläre Mechanismen der Gallenbildung beeinflusst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 326-326 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 7 Nierentransplantierten, die länger als 1 Jahr mit mittleren Dosen Imurel und Prednison behandelt wurden, ergaben lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen von Dünndarmbiopsien keine Anhaltspunkte für Epithelschädigung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1543-1544 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Low doses of isoproterenol, given permanently by a new application-method, show the same effects on salivary-gland enlargement of rats throughout approx. 6 days than 10fold higher concentrations given by previous workers as single daily injections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Steroid therapy ; Early rheumatoid arthritis ; Polymorphonuclear leucocytes ; Migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of methylprednisolone on the migratory characteristics of neutrophil granulocytes was investigated in 10 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared to 12 controls. The migration of neutrophils was measured with a whole-blood membrane filter assay with and without stimulation by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Total migration index (TMI), distribution characteristics (DC) and the product of TMI and DC (neutrophil migratory activity; NMA) served to characterize the migratory behaviour of neutrophils. The data demonstrated an increased polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) migration in patients with early RA, indicating a bystander role of PMNs in inflammatory joint injury. Treatment with methylprednisolone reduced significantly the penetration depth (DC) of neutrophils, but did not influence the number of migrating cells (TMI). The unstimulated NMA was significantly reduced due to the marked DC reduction, whereas steroids did not influence the stimulated NMA of neutrophils. A significant reduction in PMN penetration depth was demonstrated only after a steroid therapy of at least 10 days, suggesting that a longer period of steroid therapy is necessary to provide effective inflammatory control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science and Medicine. Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology 14 (1980), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0160-7979
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Erbkrankheit ; Ornithintranscarbamylase ; Mutation ; Neurologischer Befund ; Selektives Screening ; MRT ; Key words Inborn error ; Ornithine transcarbamylase ; Mutation ; Neurological findings ; Selective screening ; MRI of the brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary X-linked inherited OTC-deficiency is the most frequent inborn error of urea synthesis. Molecular heterogeneity is shown by more than 50 mutations at the OTC-gene locus reflecting a broad clinical spectrum. We report on a normally developed 16 months old girl who never had coma or lethargy but presented with neurological symptoms such as minor ataxia and increased muscular tonus and discrete athetoidal movements of the upper extremities. EEG showed only minor abnormalities, in the MRI of the brain enhanced, frontal and occipital periventricular signal intensities were detectable. Biochemical findings were typical for OTC-deficiency with a moderate hyperammonemia (up to 332 μmol/l), normal basic amino acids in plasma and a high excretion of orotic acid and uracil in urine (735 and 370 mmol/mol creatinine resp.). DNA analysis showed a novel G 〉 T mutation at the intron1/exon1 boundary, which apparently led to an abnormal splicing of the DNA. After introducing a dietary and medical treatment, neurological symptoms disappeared, blood ammonia became normal, MRI changes almost completely disappeared 3 months after therapy was started. Discussion: This case illustrates that a selective screening for inborn errors of metabolism should also be performed in patients with minor neurological symptoms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der X-chromosomal vererbte OTC-Defekt ist die häufigste angeborene Harnstoffzykluserkrankung. Die auf molekularer Ebene nachgewiesene Heterogenität mit mehr als 50 Mutationen im OTC-Gen ist die Basis für klinisch sehr unterschiedliche Verläufe. Wir berichten über ein 16 Monate altes, normal entwickeltes Mädchen, das lediglich durch diskrete neurologische Symptome auffiel. Lethargie oder ein Koma waren nie beobachtet worden. Das ansonsten normal entwickelte Kind zeigte eine geringe, stammbetonte Ataxie, ein leicht athetoides Bewegungsmuster und vermehrte Strecktendenz in den Armen. Das EEG zeigte nur geringe Zeichen einer Allgemeinstörung, im Kernspintomogramm des Schädels fanden sich massive, periventrikuläre Signalanreicherungen okzipital und frontal. Die biochemischen Befunde waren typisch für einen OTC-Defekt mit einer leichten Hyperammonämie bis 332 μmol/l und einer stark erhöhten Orotsäure- und Uracilausscheidung (735 bzw. 370 mmol/mol Kreatinin). Molekulargenetisch zeigte sich im OTC-Gen eine bislang nicht beschriebene G 〉 T Mutation an der Intron1-Exon1-Grenze, die offensichtlich zu einem Splice-site-Defekt führt. Nach diätetischer und medikamentöser Behandlung war das Kind klinisch unauffällig, das Ammoniak im Blut normalisierte sich. Drei Monate nach Behandlungsbeginn waren die MRT-Signalanreicherungen fast vollständig zurückgebildet. Diskussion: Der Fall zeigt, daß ein selektives Screening auf angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen auch bei sehr uncharakteristischen, neurologischen Symptomen notwendig ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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