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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 38 (1979), S. 119-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Faktor VII ; Hypoproconvertinemia ; Faktor VII Substitutions-Therapie ; Prothrombinkomplex ; Faktor VII-Konzentration ; Heimselbstbehandlung ; Operative Eingriffe ; Factor VII ; Hypoproconvertinemia ; Factor VII substitution therapy ; Prothrombin complex ; Factor VII concentrate ; Home treatment ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Four new cases with congenital homozygous factor VII deficiency are described. Factor VII levels were reduced to 〈1%,3%,8% and 10%, respectively. The incidence and severity of bleeding symptoms were well correlated with the measured factor VII activity. In the severe case of factor VII deficiency (〈1%) a home treatment program was started because of severe recurrent hemarthroses. This entailed transfusions of 20 U/kg body weight prothrombin complex or factor VII concentrate in case of acute bleeding approximately every three weeks. These transfusions have been carried out successfully without any problems. In contradiction, two brothers with hypoproconvertinemia (factor VII 8% and 10%, respectively) reached an age of more than 70 years. Despite replacement therapy postoperative bleeding followed one appendectomy, whereas no postoperative bleeding followed patients requiring Achilles tendon lengthening and an above knee amputation and only slight bleeding followed a tonsillectomy. Based on our experience we suggest that in patients with factor VII deficiency of less than 10%, when undergoing surgery, should be maintained a minimal factor VII activity of 10–15% during the first three postoperative days.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vier neue Fälle mit angeborenem homozygoten und zehn Patienten mit heterozygotem Faktor VII-Mangel werden beschrieben. Bei den homozygoten Fällen war die Faktor VII-Aktivität auf 〈1%,3%,8% und 10 % der Norm vermindert. Schweregrad und Häufigkeit der hämorrhagischen Erscheinungen entsprachen dabei dem Ausmaß der Faktor VII-Erniedrigung. Bei dem Patienten mit schwerem Faktor VII-Mangel (〈1%) wurde wegen rezidivierender Hämarthrosen mit Einschränkung der Gelenkfunktion eine Heimselbstbehandlung eingeleitet. Diese wird seit 11/2Jahren mit einer Dosis von 20 E/kg KG Prothrombinkomplex und neuerdings mit Faktor VII-Konzentrat in Abständen von etwa drei Wochen ohne Nebenreaktionen durchgeführt. Zwei Brüder (Faktor VII 8% und 10%) erreichten ein hohes Alter von über 70 Jahren. Trotz Substitution kam es nach einer Appendektomie zu einer Nachblutung, während eine Achillessehnenoperation und eine Oberschenkelamputation ohne Substitution komplikationslos verliefen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, bei Patienten mit isoliertem Faktor VII-Mangel 〈 10 % bei operativen Eingriffen eine Mindest-Faktor VII-Konzentration von 10–15% über einen Zeitraum von drei Tagen aufrechtzuerhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Spermatozoa of Provortex tubiferus are thread-shaped, totally enclosed by peripheral microtubules and devoid of cilia or flagella. A peripheral layer of dense bodies underlies the cortical microtubules. Roundish mitochondria are arranged in a single row in the middle region of the sperm body. A special feature is documented in the appearance of a perinuclear condensation consisting of leaflet-like compartments. Such a perinuclear condensation is not known for any other species of the Plathelminthes. This characteristic may have functional roles in the locomotion and stabilization of the filiform aciliary spermatozoon. During spermiogenesis, two centrioles in a diplosome configuration differentiate near each nucleus of an early spermatid. With proceeding sperm maturation, a structure resembling an intercentriolar body is formed as typical for the taxon Trepaxonemata. However, axonemes are not differentiated and the intercentriolar body becomes disorganized. It is hypothesized that the Provorticinae (with Provortex) and the Graffillinae (with Paravortex) constitute a new monophylum with the autapomorphy “special type of aciliary spermatozoon”. The Provorticidae and the Graffillidae, respectively, are non-monophyletic groupings; the Kirgisellinae, Pseudograffillinae and Bresslauillinae do not belong to the monophylum Provorticinae + Graffillinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur pericerebral gelegener Cilienaggregate vonDicoelandropora atriopapillata Ax, 1956, undNotocaryoplanella glandulosa (Ax, 1951) wird beschrieben. Die intracellulÄren Aggregate setzen sich jeweils aus mehreren 100 Cilien zusammen, die lückenlos alternierend angeordnet und distal miteinander verflochten sind. Für die Cilienaggregate wird eine photoreceptorische Funktion wahrscheinlich gemacht.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of pericerebrally located ciliary aggregations inDicoelandropora atriopapillata Ax, 1956, andNotocaryoplanella glandulosa (Ax, 1951) is described. The intracellular aggregations consist of some 100 cilia, which are arranged in an alternating position without gaps. The distal parts of the cilia are interweaved. The aggregations are interpreted as photoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Some events of spermiogenesis and the submicroscopic anatomy of male gametes in Gyratrix hermaphroditus are described. Special features occurring during the steps of sperm cell maturation are the development of delicate rootlet-like and spike-shaped structures attached to the basal bodies, an anchor apparatus of cilia staying near the tip of the outgrowing spermatids, the differentiation of a single mitochondrial rod, and the processes of compartmentalizing the chromatin resulting in the formation of extranuclear lamellar stacks. Mature spermatozoa are especially characterized by two incorporated axonemes, a string of large mushroom-shaped dense bodies in the anterior section of the cell, and two lateral rows of nuclear lamellar stacks in the median cell segment. Based on the present findings, the process of spermiogenesis and the organization of spermatozoa in the ground pattern of the monophylum Kalyptorhynchia are reconstructed. Apparently, the sister group of the Kalyptorhynchia can be found within the other free-living and symbiotic Rhabdocoela; the hypothesis of a sister group relationship with the Neodermata is not corroborated. Probably, spermatozoal characteristics can contribute to a discrimination between distinct populations of G. hermaphroditus which is proved to be a complex of several sibling species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 95 (1980), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stilettapparatur vonCarenscoilia bidentata Sopott besteht aus mehreren verfestigten Elementen. Diese werden in einem mehrkernigen Matrixsyncytium ausdifferenziert; während der Ontogenese entstehen zuerst periodisch quergestreifte Mikrofibrillen, an die sich elektronendichtes homogenes Material anlagert. Die Wandung der fertig ausgebildeten intracellulären Hartstrukturen besteht aus einer zentralen Lage von Mikrofibrillen, der außen elektronendichte Schichten aufliegen. Hartgebilde mit einer vergleichbaren Feinstruktur sind bisher nur von weiteren proseriaten Turbellarien, nicht jedoch von anderen Plathelminthen bekannt.
    Notes: Summary The stylet apparatus ofCarenscoilia bidentata Sopott consists of five hard elements. These are differentiated in a matrix syncytium. During the ontogeny at first microfibrils with a periodic cross-banding arise; then the microfibrils become enveloped by homogenous electron opaque materials. The wall of the developed intracellular hard elements consists of a central layer with microfibrils and outer layers of electron opaque materials. Hard differentiations with a comparable fine structure are only known from other proseriate turbellarians, but not from other platyhelminthes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 117 (1997), S. 71-79 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Xenoturbella bocki is the only species of the high-ranked taxon Xenoturbellida. The species lives on marine mud bottoms at a depth of 20–120 m and moves extremely slowly by ciliary gliding. Nevertheless it possesses a well-developed body wall musculature with outer circular muscles, a prominent layer of inner longitudinal muscles and radial muscles that extend from the outer circular myocytes to the musculature surrounding the gastrodermis. The longitudinal myocytes are not compact cells, but form fascicles of fibrils running parallel to each other. Fine cytoplasmic cords connect the fibres of a cell to each other and with its nuclear region. The muscles are embedded within a sometimes expansive extracellular matrix (ECM) that lacks any fibrillar components. All muscle cells display conspicuous and numerous cytoplasmic extensions that are intermingled with each other. Tight coupling between adjacent cell membranes is not found, but zonula adhaerens-like junctions exist. Fibrils belonging to different myocytes, but also fibrils of the same cell, are coupled by such cytoplasmic extensions. Circular, radial and at least the peripheral longitudinal myocytes display cell-matrix connections with the internal lamina, a component of the subepidermal ECM. This internal lamina projects down into the centres of the fascicles with longitudinal muscle fibrils and forms extensive attachment zones with the muscle cells, reminiscent of focal contacts. For the ingestion of food, X. bocki opens the simple mouth pore and protrudes the aciliated gastrodermis. The body wall musculature is responsible for this protrusion and also for the withdrawal of the gastrodermis. In the past, possible phylogenetic kinships with the Acoelomorpha (Plathelminthes) or the Enteropneusta and Holothuroidea were discussed, but, on the basis of all information available, X. bocki is hypothesized to be the sister taxon of the Bilateria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The statocyst of otoplanids is enveloped by a bipartite capsule which consists of two different extracellular matrices. This capsule encircles three different types of aciliary cells: several peripherally located flattened parietal cells, one central statolith forming cell (lithocyte) and two clusters of accessory cells. Intracapsular lumina exist which are different from extracapsular intercellular spaces. The accessory cells most probably represent those structures that are mainly involved in nervous conduction. These cells extend cytoplasmatic processes towards different peripheral regions of the statocyst where processes of outer nerve cells penetrate the capsule. The statocyst does not seem to represent a more evolved equilibrium receptor system but may function as a relatively simple aciliary sense organ suitable for positive geotactic behaviour. The otoplanid statocyst corresponds to statocysts in other lithophorous proseriates but not to statocysts in other taxa of the free-living Plathelminthes. The monophyly of a taxon Lithophora within the Proseriata is corroborated by this autapomorphic characteristic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The fine structure of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in three species of the Macrostomorpha was studied, with emphasis on Bradynectes sterreri. Two centrioles appear during the development of sperm cells, at least in B. sterreri and Paromalostomum fusculum. Initially these organelles have a perpendicular position, but later they come to lie in line with each other. In P. fusculum, the differentiation of rootlet structures inserting on both centrioles was found. However, ciliary axonemes do not grow out, either in B. sterreri or in P. fusculum. These two species, and also Haplopharynx rostratus, have aciliated spermatozoa. The mature male gametes of B. sterreri are characterized by a filiform nucleus, numerous mitochondria, dense bodies irregular in shape, membranous lacunae, a pair of electron-dense lateral ledges and two sets of cortical microtubules in addition to a closed ring of microtubules in the posterior segment of the cell. Both lateral ledges do not originate from the centrioles. ’Lateral ledges’ or ’lateral bristles’ were not observed in spermatozoa of H. rostratus and P. fusculum. Such structures cannot be considered autapomorphic for the Macrostomorpha. The known spermatological characteristics contribute to elucidating the interrelationships of the Macrostomorpha. Haplopharynx and Macrostomida are sister groups. Spermatozoa with cortical microtubules separated into two sets are hypothesized as an autapomorphy of the Macrostomida. The two lateral ledges found in spermatozoa of B. sterreri are discussed to correspond to the pair of ’lateral bristles’ known from Macrostomum species, indicating a sister-group relationship of these two taxa. Apparently, the aciliated spermatozoa of Macrostomorpha species originated from biciliated male gametes. Hence, biciliated spermatozoa are not an evolutionary novelty of the Trepaxonemata, but of the Rhabditophora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 86 (1977), S. 197-222 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of monociliary receptors in 10 species of the Proseriata and Neorhabdocoela is described, with particular reference to the epidermal dendritic part. Sensory cells with a single kinocilium situated at the level of the distal epidermis membrane are considered as mechano- or chemoreceptors. There exist sensory cells with a dendrite penetrating one epidermis cell and bearing an embedded kinocilium and a collar of 8 stereocilia or ridges with a fribrillose substructure. These collared receptors probably function as mechanoreceptors. In comparison with collared sensory cells in species of other turbellarian orders, the embedded receptors in the Proseriata and Neorhabdocoela are more advanced and possess synapomorphous characteristics. With the embedded receptors a new evidence is given for the close phylogenetic relationship between the Proseriata and Neorhabdocoela. The distribution of collared cells in the animal system and their phylogenetic implication for a choanoflagellate origin of the Metazoa are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Plathelminthes ; Platyhelminthes ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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