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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unique bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency related to neonatal jaundice in mice (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 307-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency ; jaundice ; mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes biochemical and cellular characterization of a spontaneous mutation in ICR mice; the mutation has been phenotypically characterized as autosomal recessive jaundice in neonates and juveniles and given the gene symbolhub (J. Hered. 76:441–446, 1985;Mouse Newslett. 73:28, 1985). The results obtained demonstrate that (1) mice homozygous for the mutation are deficient in bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, and there is no deficiency in heterozygous mice, (2) the deficiency is lifelong, even though the clinical symptom of jaundice is transitory and restricted to neonates or juveniles, (3) bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in mutant and nonmutant mice is similarly induced by triiodothyronine, (4) glucuronidation and xylodation of bilirubin probably occur as the result of separate enzyme forms in mice, and (5) Western analysis using antibody to rat bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase indicates that although there is no electrophoretic mobility difference, there is a diffuse band missing in mutant mice. Hepatic hyperplasia, cytomegaly, single-cell necrosis, and eosinophilic foci are also pleiotropic traits associated with homozygous but not heterozygoushub. Thehub/hub mouse will be useful in the study of substrate specificity and regulation within a complex gene family and, perhaps, provide a new and useful animal model for the long-term health effects of deficiency in the metabolism of xenobiotics cleared via UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553811
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unique bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency related to neonatal jaundice in mice (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 307-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency ; jaundice ; mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes biochemical and cellular characterization of a spontaneous mutation in ICR mice; the mutation has been phenotypically characterized as autosomal recessive jaundice in neonates and juveniles and given the gene symbolhub (J. Hered. 76:441–446, 1985;Mouse Newslett. 73:28, 1985). The results obtained demonstrate that (1) mice homozygous for the mutation are deficient in bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, and there is no deficiency in heterozygous mice, (2) the deficiency is lifelong, even though the clinical symptom of jaundice is transitory and restricted to neonates or juveniles, (3) bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in mutant and nonmutant mice is similarly induced by triiodothyronine, (4) glucuronidation and xylodation of bilirubin probably occur as the result of separate enzyme forms in mice, and (5) Western analysis using antibody to rat bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase indicates that although there is no electrophoretic mobility difference, there is a diffuse band missing in mutant mice. Hepatic hyperplasia, cytomegaly, single-cell necrosis, and eosinophilic foci are also pleiotropic traits associated with homozygous but not heterozygoushub. Thehub/hub mouse will be useful in the study of substrate specificity and regulation within a complex gene family and, perhaps, provide a new and useful animal model for the long-term health effects of deficiency in the metabolism of xenobiotics cleared via UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02399930
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of growth functions within and between lines of mice selected for large and small body weight (1969)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 39 (1969), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Several criteria have been suggested for comparing different nonlinear growth functions to determine which function gives the best quantitative description of a given set of observed sigmoid growth curves. These criteria were then used to compare the logistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy functions within and among lines of mice: a control line (C 1) and lines selected for large (H 6) and small (L 6) body weight at six weeks of age. A general comparison of the three growth functions was based on the differences in residual variances of the respective functions fitted to the growth data of individual mice. Since the three functions differ primarily in the fixed proportion of the asymptotic weight at which the inflexion point occurs, the growth function which will provide the minimum residual variance among the three considered is the one which most closely approximates the observed proportion. The results of this comparison indicated that the logistic function gave the best fit for both sexes of the H 6 and C 1 lines. While no significant differences in residual variances were evident in L 6 males, the Bertalanffy function had the smallest residual variance in L 6 females. The four derived traits of each growth function analyzed individually were the asymptote (A), age at inflexion (t *), rate at which a logarithmic function of body weight changes with time (k) and mean absolute growth rate with respect to body weight increase (v). The coefficient of variation among individuals within full-sib families was used to compare the relative variability of the analogous traits estimated from the three growth functions. The coefficients of variation of A, t * and k calculated from the logistic function were significantly (P 〈 .01) smaller than those from both the Gompertz and Bertalanffy functions in all three lines, while there were no significant differences in the relative variability of v among the three lines. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the analogous traits estimated from two different growth functions were sufficiently high in most cases to conclude that the same trait was being measured by the three growth functions. Each derived trait was analyzed for variation in lines, sexes, seasons and respective interactions. The sources of variation generally exhibited similar levels of significance for the analogous traits estimated by the three functions, although a few exceptions were found. These results suggest that although the logistic function provided the best description of the growth data, the same general conclusions about differences within and among the three lines would have been reached with any of the three functions. The four derived traits of the logistic curve were used to describe quantitatively the differences in growth among the H 6, L 6 and C 1 lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated response in skeletal traits and replicate variation in selected lines of mice (1974)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 45 (1974), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Correlated responses in caudal vertebrae number (VN), lengths of eighth and ninth caudal vertebrae (V8 and V9, respectively), femur length (FL) and femur weight (FW) were evaluated in lines of mice which had been selected for six-week body weight (WK6) and/or six-week tail length (TAIL). Ten males and ten females were randomly sampled from each of ten selected lines (two replicates each of five selection treatments) after seven generations of selection. Sexes and lines were significant (P 〈 .01) sources of variation in all seven traits. Sex x line interactions were unimportant except for V8 and V9. Male mice of both replicate lines selected for increased WK6 and decreased TAIL had shorter vertebrae than females, whereas the reverse was true for all other lines. Multiple regression and canonical correlation analyses indicated a high phenotypic relationship of FL with both WK6 and TAIL. Examination of the correlated responses indicated that FL was the only skeletal trait that showed a substantial correlated response to single trait selection for both WK6 and TA IL. Thus, the genetic relationships among the three traits also appeared to be high. Between replicate variation was not significant for randomly selected control lines. However, about onethird of the statistical tests between selected replicates were significant. This was taken to indicate a joint effect of selection and drift in causing variation between replicate lines. Replicate variation was further examined by canonical variate and generalized distance analyses. The first two canonical variates accounted for most of the generalized variance. Graphically, the first two canonical variables discriminated among selection treatments, whereas the replicates tended to cluster. Thus, although between replicate differences were significant for several traits, the differences were relatively small compared with the variation between lines having different selection criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated responses in development and distribution of fat depots in mice selected for body composition traits (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Correlated responses ; Fat depots ; Lean tissue ; Body composition ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Development of adipose tissue in five depots was investigated in mice selected for high or low 12-week epididymal fat pad weight as a percentage of body weight (HF and LF lines), or high or low 12-week hind carcass weight as a percentage of body weight (HL and LL lines). An unselected control line (RC) was maintained. Hind carcass (HC) and fat pads from subcutaneous hindlimb, subcutaneous forelimb, gonads, kidneys and mesentery were dissected and weighed at 4, 6, 9, 12 or 15 weeks of age. Generally, body weight (BW), daily gain (DG), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE) and feed intake/metabolic body weight (FC) were higher (P≤0.05) in HF than in LF, and in LL than in HL. HF had more fat (as a percentage of BW) than LF in all depots (P≲-0.01), and asymmetry (P≤0.01) was detected for gonadal fat. LL consistently had a higher (P≤0.01) fat percentage than HL, and asymmetry (P≤0.01) was observed for perirenal fat. At age of selection, ranking of fat depot weights as a percentage of total fat depot weight was not changed by selection; however, gonadal fat accounted for more of the total fat in HF and LL compared with RC, while the opposite was found in LF and HL. HC percentage was higher (P≤0.01) in HL than LL, and higher (P≤0.01) in LF than HF. Growth rate of each fat depot relative to BW was not affected by selection. These results demonstrated that selection for proportion of fat in one depot or for HC percentage changed fat percentage in other depots. However, the rate of fat deposition in each depot relative to body weight gain was not altered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted selection index in mice designed to change body fat without changing body weight: correlated responses (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Selection index ; Correlated responses ; Fat ; Fitness ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Correlated responses were studied in lines of mice selected for eight generations based on the criterion of a restricted selection index. Two replicate lines were selected in each treatment as follows: HE, high epididymal fat pad weight (EF) with zero change in body weight (BW) at 12 weeks of age; LE; low EF with zero change in BW; and RS, randomly. Correlated responses showed considerable variation between replicates, suggesting that genetic drift was important. Further, correlated responses for most traits were relatively small, probably because of low selection intensity. The HE line responded as expected in component traits of the restricted index. Associated compositional traits in HE responded as predicted since traits correlated with adiposity increased and hind carcass weight did not change significantly. Feed intake increased and feed efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) decreased in HE, as predicted. In contrast, the LE line did not respond in component traits as predicted since EF did not decrease and BW increased. Consequently, LE exhibited little change in traits associated with adiposity, but hind carcass weight, feed intake and feed efficiency increased. Of the correlated responses scored for fitness traits (littering rate, number of days from pairing of mate to littering, litter size and preweaning pup survival rate), significant effects were found for decreased littering rate in LE and increased prenatal survival rate in HE. In summary, correlated responses to restricted index selection generally agreed with expectation when responses in component traits of the index were considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229488
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cryoprotectant and genetic selection for body fat content on embryonic cryosurvival in mice (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 479-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Correlated responses ; Embryos ; Cryoprotectant ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lines of mice selected for high (HF) or low (LF) 12-week epididymal fat pad weight as a percentage of body weight were used to investigate the effects of genotype, two cryoprotectants [glycerol (GLY) and propylene glycol (PG)] and genotype x cryoprotectant interaction on cryosurvival of four and eight-cell embryos. Embryos were collected from selection lines and reciprocal crosses of selection lines (HFLF and LFHF) and frozen by established slow-cool methods. Embryos were thawed for 40s at room temperature and then placed in a 37° C waterbath for 1 min. Cryoprotectant was diluted from embryos with either 0.5 M sucrose (GLY-treated) or 1.0 M sucrose (PG-treated). Post-thaw survival was measured as the percentage of embryos developing to 36 h (PTS36), 48 h (PTS48) and hatched blastocyst (PTSHB), respectively. Non-frozen controls were cultured concurrently with frozen embryos. No significant genotype or genotype x cryoprotectant interaction effects were found. Results of the embryo freezing study indicated that selection for high or low fat content did not affect the ability of embryos to survive cryopreservation. There was no indication of embryo heterosis for post-thaw survial. Embryos frozen with GLY survived the freeze-thaw stress significantly better than those frozen in PG (P 〈 0.05). In vitro development of non-frozen controls at 36 and 48 h did not vary significantly among lines, but in vitro development was significantly different among lines at the hatched blastocyst stage (P 〈 0.05). Linear contrasts showed that the embryonic genome was responsible for differential in vitro development at the hatched blastocyst stage between these selected lines (HF 〉 LF; P 〈 0.05); asymmetric response also occurred in that both HF and LF exceeded the unselected control line (P 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223664
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term restricted index selection in mice designed to change fat content without changing body size (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Selection index ; Restricted index ; Fat ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if low secondary selection differentials, caused by selecting within full-sib families, may have accounted for the failure of an intended restricted selection index to reduce epididymal fat pad weight (EF) without changing body weight (BW) in mice. Replicate lines that had been selected within full-sib families for high (HE) or low (LE) EF, while holding BW constant, were crossed. After two generations of random mating, two replicates were sampled and selection initiated for the same restricted index criteria except that mass selection was used to increase the selection differentials. In both phases of selection the HE restricted index selection, designed to increase EF without altering BW, was in agreement with expectation. In contrast, the LE index, designed to decrease EF without changing BW, did not agree with theory since BW increased while EF decreased only slightly. Therefore, reduced selection differentials could not explain the deviation from theory. A possible explanation may reside in the restricted selection index being more sensitive to changes in genetic parameters due to shifts in gene frequency as a consequence of the selection applied. However, linkage disequilibrium and genetic drift can not be ruled out as contributing factors to the asymmetry of response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220897
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of growth curves of mice selected and unselected for postweaning gain (1969)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 39 (1969), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mice were sampled from a line selected for increased postweaning weight gain from three to six weeks and from a randombred control line originating from the same base population. Body weights were recorded at each of 14 ages from day 5 to day 98. The Richards and logistic growth functions were fitted to the growth trajectories of each individual mouse by a generalized non-linear least squares procedure. Estimated growth parameters (asymptotic weight, rate, shape of curve, age and weight at inflection, mean absolute growth rate and mean relative growth rate) were computed for each individual. The effects of line, litter within line, sex and line × sex interactions on these estimated parameters were then studied. Both the Richards and logistic functions fitted the data equally well and the plotted trajectories coincided over most of the growth curve. There was excellent agreement between the estimates of asymptotic weight and both age and weight at inflection based on the different functions. However, both functions apparently underestimated the asymptotic weight. Analyses of the line differences showed that selection for postweaning gain increased the mean absolute growth rate over the entire curve but had no effect on the relative growth rate or the shape of the growth curve. Full-sib analyses suggested the presence of considerable genetic variation and some high genetic correlations among the estimated growth parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290871
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body composition and energetic efficiency in two lines of mice selected for rapid growth rate and their F1 crosses (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 49 (1977), S. 21-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Correlated responses to selection for increased growth rate were compared in two mouse populations (M16 and H6) of distinct genetic origin. Traits studied were body composition, feed intake, constituent gains and energetic efficiency. When compared with their respective controls (ICR and C2) at 6 and 9 weeks of age, body weight increased more in M16 (57%and 69 % of the control mean) than in H6 (40 % and 34%). The M16 showed correlated responses in fat percent of 2.6% (P 〈.05), 8.4% (P 〈.01) and 11.2% (P 〈.01) at 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, whereas corresponding values in H6 were −2.4% (P 〈.05), 3.3% (P 〈.05) and 2.09 % (P 〉.05). The correlated responses in fat percent were 2.7 and 4.7 times higher in M16 than H6 at 6 and 9 weeks. The regression of ln fat weight on ln empty body weight was larger in M16 (P 〈.05) compared to ICR and larger (P 〈.01) in H6 compared to C2. Both M16 and H8 exhibited positive correlated responses from 3 to 6 weeks of age in feed intake and gain and efficiency in fat, protein, calories and ash; fat and caloric gain and efficiency exhibited higher correlated responses in M16 than H6. During the 6- to 9-week interval, the M16 population continued to evince positive correlated responses in gains and efficiencies of fat, protein and calories, whereas H6 did not. Several possible explanations are presented to account for the differences in correlated responses between the selected populations. Partitioning of correlated response differences between M16 and H6 into average direct and average maternal genetic effects indicated that average direct genetic effects, favoring M16, were responsible for the major difference between the selected populations. Direct heterosis in F1 crosses of the selected populations were generally not significant, although there was a tendency for fat percent and fat weight to show heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304819
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