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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Requirement for far-red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 114 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Extension growth of secondary needles is under photoperiodic control in Pinus sylvestris. To test for the effects of far-red light on maintaining this extension growth, seedlings of six populations originating from latitudes between 57° and 67°N were raised for 11 weeks in continuous incandescent (metal halogen) light at 300 µmol m−2 s−1 and 20°C and then transferred at the same temperature to a daily regime of 8 h incandescent light (230 µmol m−2 s−1) followed by a 16 h day extension with cool white fluorescent light (40 µmol m−2 s−1, R/FR ratio 7.5) or with incandescent lamps (20 µmol m−2 s−1, R/FR ratio 2.0). For the seedlings from the three populations north of 64°, needle extension growth over 42 days in the FR-poor day extension treatment was lower by up to 40% than in the FR-rich day extension treatment, whereas for the seedlings from the three southern populations the needle extension growth was similar in both day extension treatments. The requirement for FR in day extensions is characteristic of ‘light-dominant’ photoperiodic control mechanisms. It appears that P. sylvestris changes from dark-dominant night timekeeping to light-dominant day timekeeping with increasing latitude, as with the photoperiodic control of budset in Picea abies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140206.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid content at defined levels of bud dormancy and frost tolerance in two contrasting populations of Picea abies grown in a phytotron (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seedlings of a southern (Romanian) and a northern (Swedish) population of Picea abies were cultivated under continuous light and 20°C for 10 weeks. To arrest growth, induce terminal bud dormancy and promote frost tolerance the seedlings were then exposed to 16 h nights for 12 weeks, with gradually lower temperature during the last 6 weeks. Samples for estimating the abscisic acid content of the needles were taken just before the onset of the night treatment, at day 3 of the treatment, and then with one, and later 2 week, intervals. From the second week onwards (third week for frost tolerance) bud dormancy and frost tolerance were assessed at the same time as abscisic acid (ABA) determinations. Phosphate-buffered saline extracts were purified on mini-columns (in some cases immunoaffinity colums) and quantified by HPLC. The degree of dormancy was estimated by transferring the seedlings to growth conditions and determining the number of days until growth was resumed. The frost tolerance of the needles exposed to –10°C and –20°C was classified in 6 classes. The frost tolerance of the terminal buds was estimated as the number of seedlings that showed some growth after 6 weeks in growth conditions. The night treatment rapidly induced terminal bud dormancy in both populations, but the release of dormancy occurred earlier in the northern population. The needles and the terminal buds became highly frost tolerant more rapidly in the northern than in the southern population and before the temperature decrease. The degree of dormancy began to decline before full frost tolerance was obtained in the southern population and this decline continued in both populations, while frost tolerance remained at a high level. The southern population showed a transient peak in ABA content at day 3. Although the ABA content of the northern population was lower than in the southern before the 16-h night treatment, it increased in the northern population during the treatment period, in particular after the temperature decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb00143.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-DNA presence and opine production in tumors of Picea abies (L.) Karst induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281 (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; conifers ; DNA hybridization ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hypervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281 formed frequent tumors (31%) on Picea abies (Norway spruce), an economically important tree species in Swedish forests. Three-month-old seedlings were inoculated and tumors were established that grew hormone-independently in culture. Tumors contained agropine and mannopine/mannopinic acid as determined by acid pH paper electrophoresis. In addition, DNA hybridization studies showed that the DNA from these tumor lines contained sequences homologous to Ti plasmid T-DNA, whereas wild-type spruce seedling DNA did not. These results suggest that Agrobacterium vectors can be used for gene transfer into this important forest species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome types in Picea and Pinus. Expression patterns of PHYA-related types (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 669-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gymnosperms ; light ; phylogenetic analysis ; phytochromes ; Picea ; Pinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of the genes in gymnosperms encoding the apoproteins of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome is currently scanty as for gymnosperm nuclear protein coding sequences in general. Here we report two complete cDNA-derived sequences which code for two different types of gymnosperm phytochrome. One sequence stems from Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the other from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). More detailed studies have shown that both types of phytochrome gene are present in Norway spruce. From phylogenetic analyses, these types appear to branch off from progenitors that are also the common ancestors of the angiosperm PHYA/PHYC and PHYB/PHYD/PHYE lineages. Partial phytochrome sequences of other gymnosperms cluster with either the one type or the other of the gymnosperm phytochrome genes characterized here. Southern blot analysis of Picea DNA using probes derived from the full-length Picea gene indicated a family of at least five members. Whether they code for new types may be doubted since only two phylogenetic clusters were found. Studies using RNA-PCR of Picea RNA extracted from either light- or dark-grown seedlings indicated that the steady-state levels of the transcripts of two PHYA/C-related genes were hardly affected by light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006204318499
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and Correlations of Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Enantiomers in Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 1701-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Picea abies ; Pinus sylvestris ; Pinaceae ; monoterpene ; enantiomer ; correlation ; multivariate data analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relative amounts and enantiomeric compositions of monoterpene hydrocarbons in branch and trunk xylem, in needles, and in resin from apical buds in 18 Pinus sylvestris trees have been determined and compared with the terpene content in branch xylem and needles of Picea abies. Besides the high amount of (+)-3-carene, an excess of (+)-α-pinene has been found in P. sylvestris, whereas in P. abies (−)-α-pinene dominates over (+)-α-pinene. In P. sylvestris, clear positive correlations were found between (+)-α-pinene and (+)-camphene in the four tissues analyzed. Good positive correlations were also observed between (−)-α-pinene and (−)-camphene in the two types of xylem, between (+)-α-pinene and (+)-β-pinene in the resin, and between tricyclene and (−)-camphene in resin and needles. In P. abies, positive correlations were found between (+)-α-pinene and (+)-camphene in the branch xylem and between tricyclene and (−)-camphene as well as between (−)-α-pinene and (−)-camphene in the needles. Complex relationships between (−)-α-pinene and (−)-β-pinene were found both in the P. abies and in the P. sylvestris tissues. The importance of the enantiomeric composition of α-pinene for the host selection of Ips typographus, Tomicus piniperda, and Hylobius abietis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005547131427
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