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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon heterojunction bipolar power transistor with an amorphous Si:B alloy emitter (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 1316-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A pnp Si heterojunction bipolar power transistor has been fabricated using an amorphous Si0.7B0.3 alloy as a wide band-gap emitter. The amorphous alloy is formed by co-deposition of B and Si: it has a low resistivity of 2.5×10−3 Ω cm at room temperature after annealing at 1000 °C for 30 min and a band gap of 1.70 eV when annealed at 1100 °C for 20 min. In order to make a direct comparison, a conventional transistor with a diffused emitter and a polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) emitter transistor have also been fabricated. It is shown that an amorphous Si0.7B0.3 alloy emitter transistor can have an electrical current gain 2–5 times higher than a poly-Si emitter transistor and 20 times higher than a conventional transistor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107577
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergy of mecillinam and clavulanic acid with other beta-lactam antibiotics (1978)
    Springer
    Infection 6 (1978), S. S17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kombinationen von Mecillinam mit Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cloxacillin und Cephalexin wurden auf ihre Aktivität in vitro gegen in der Klinik isolierte, gramnegative Keime geprüft. Eine synergistische Wirkung zwischen den Komponenten wurde oft gefunden, ihr Ausmaß wurde aber von Nährmedium und Größe der Einsaat beeinflußt. Kombinationen von Mecillinam und Penizillinen zeigten keinen synergistischen Effekt gegen β-Laktamase-produzierendeHaemophilus influenzae undNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Dagegen wurde bei diesen Keimen ein starker Synergismus zwischen Klavulansäure und Penizillinen gefunden. Stämme, die resistent gegenüber Mecillinam sind, konnten in vitro gezüchtet werden, aber ihre Resistenzentwicklung erwies sich für die Mecillinam-Kombinationen langsamer als für Mecillinam selbst.
    Notes: Summary Mecillinam was combined with ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, and cefalexin and tested in vitro against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. Synergy was frequently found, but test medium and inoculum size affected the extent of synergy. No synergy was obtained for combinations between mecillinam and penicillins against β-lactamase-producingHaemophilus influenzae orNeisseria gonorrhoeae, while combinations of clavulanic acid and penicillins showed strong synergism. Strains resistant to mecillinam were cultured in vitro, but the development of resistance was slower for the combinations than for mecillinam itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial activity of Co-trimazine in vitro and in vivo (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. 74-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Co-trimazine ist eine neue Kombination aus Trimethoprim (90 mg) und Sulfadiazin (410 mg), die besonders für die Behandlung von Harnwegsinfektionen entwickelt worden ist. Kombinationen von Trimethoprim und Sulfadiazin zeigen in vitro eine hohe Aktivität und in hohem Ausmaße synergistische Wirkung gegen Erreger der Harnwegsinfektionen. Nach oraler Gabe zeigt Sulfadiazin praktisch dieselbe Halbwertszeit in Serum wie Trimethoprim und wird in viel höherem Ausmaß als Sulfametoxazol in aktiver Form in den Harn ausgeschieden. Das Konzentrationsverhältnis Trimethoprim zu Sulfadiazin, das in Harn von Co-trimazine gegeben wird, begünstigt eine synergistische Wirkung zwischen den beiden Komponenten. In Cross-over-Versuchen bei Freiwilligen mit wiederholter Gabe zeigte Co-trimazine (2 × 500 mg und 1 × 1000 mg) eine antibakterielle Aktivität im Harn, die mindestens so hoch war wie die von Co-trimoxazole (2 × 960 mg) und deutlich höher und gleichmäßiger als die von Nitrofurantoin (3 × 50 mg).
    Notes: Summary Co-trimazine is a new drug combination especially designed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. It consists of trimethoprim (90 mg) and sulphadiazine (410 mg). When combined in vitro, the components show high activity and a high frequency of synergy against urinary tract pathogens. After oral absorption sulphadiazine has a serum half-life similar to that of trimethoprim and is excreted in active form into the urine to a much higher degree than sulphamethoxazole. The ratio of the concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in the urine following co-trimazine is favourable for a strong synergistic action between the compounds. In cross-over studies in volunteers receiving repeated daily doses of co-trimazine, either 500 mg twice daily or 1000 mg once daily, it was found that the antibacterial activity in the urine was at least as high as that provided by co-trimoxazole (2 × 960 mg) and considerably higher and more uniform than that given by nitrofurantion (3 × 50 mg).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01641617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic activity of co-trimazine and co-trimoxazole in the urine (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Co-trimazin ist eine neue Kombination aus Trimethoprim (90 mg) und Sulfadiazin (410 mg), die besonders für die Behandlung von Harnwegsinfektionen entwikkelt worden ist. In Cross-over-Versuchen bei Freiwilligen mit täglich wiederholter Gabe zeigte Co-trimazin (2 × 500 mg und 1 × 1000 mg) eine antibakterielle Aktivität im Harn, die mindestens so hoch war wie die von Co-trimoxazol (2 × 960 mg) und deutlich höher und gleichmäßiger als die von Nitrofurantoin (3 × 50 mg). In weiteren Versuchen bei Freiwilligen, die Co-trimazin (2 × 1000 mg) und Co-trimoxazol (2 × 960 mg) in wiederholter Gabe über vier Tage erhielten, wurde keine oder nur geringe Aktivität im Harn gegen einen Sulfonamid-resistenten Streptococcus der Gruppe D gefunden. Dagegen wurde eine deutlich synergistische Aktivität zwischen Trimethoprim und dem Sulphonamid gegen vierEscherichia coli Stämme nachgewiesen, die empfindlich gegen Trimethoprim und empfindlich oder resistent gegen Sulphonamide waren. Die Aktivität im Harn war bei drei von diesen Stämmen höher nach Co-trimazin als nach Co-trimoxazol. Die synergistische Wirkung im Harn von Trimethoprim und Sulphonamid zeigte sich höher bei der erstgenannten als bei der letztgenannten Kombination.
    Notes: Summary Co-trimazine (sulphadiazine, 410 mg + trimethoprim, 90 mg) is a new drug combination developed especially for use in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In cross-over experiments in volunteers receiving daily doses of co-trimazine (2 × 500 mg and 1 × 1000 mg), co-trimoxazole (2 × 960 mg), or nitrofurantoin (3 × 50 mg), the degree of antibacterial activity of co-trimazine in the urine was at least as high as that of co-trimoxazole and much higher and more consistent than that of nitrofurantoin. In further cross-over experiments in volunteers receiving co-trimazine 2 × 1000 mg or co-trimoxazole 2 × 960 mg for four days no or only slight activity was found in the urine against a sulphonamide-resistant Group D streptococcus, but distinct synergistic activity between the components was found against fourEscherichia coli strains sensitive to trimethoprim and sensitive or resistant to sulphonamides. Against three of the latter strains the degree of activity in the urine was higher after co-trimazine than after co-trimoxazole. The synergistic action of trimethoprim and sulphonamide in the urine appeared greater with the former than with the latter combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639008
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of sulphonamide-trimethoprim combinations for urinary tract infections (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Plasmahalbwertszeit und Aktivität in vitro waren Hauptkriterien bei der Auswahl von Sulphonamiden, die mit Trimethoprim eine starke synergistische Wirkung in vivo geben sollten. An Hand von Literatur-Daten erschienen sechs Sulphonamiden, Sulphadiazin, Sulphachlorpyridazin, Sulphamethoxazol, Sulphaisodimidin, Sulphamerazin und Sulphamethomidin, als besonders geeignet zur Kombination mit Trimethoprim. Eine Untersuchung der In-vitro-Aktivität dieser Verbindungen und deren Kombinationen mit Trimethoprim gegen klinisch isolierte sulphonamidempfindlicheKlebsiella-Enterobacter-undEscherichia coli-Stämme zeigte einen optimalen Synergismus bei einem Verhältnis Trimethoprim-Sulphonamid zwischen 1:10 und 1:40, jedoch wurde eine nachweisbare gegenzeitige Potenzierung der Aktivitäten beider Komponenten über einen ziemlich breiten Bereich von Konzentrationsverhältnissen gefunden. Begrenzte Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die synergistische Wirkung weniger oft und weniger ausgeprägt bei sulphonamidresistenten Keimen vorkommt. Die verschiedenen Sulphonamide verhielten sich in der Kombination mit Trimethoprim ziemlich ähnlich; um das geeignetste Sulphonamid herauszufinden sind eingehende Vergleiche der pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften der verschiedenen Kombinationen notwendig.
    Notes: Summary Plasma half life and in vitro activity were major criteria for selection of sulphonamides which are likely to give a strong synergistic action with trimethoprim in vivo. On the basis of literature data six sulphonamides, sulphadiazine, sulphachloropyridazine, sulphamethoxazole, sulphaisodimidine, sulphamerazine and sulphamethomidine appeared particularly suitable for combination with trimethoprim. An investigation of the activity in vitro of these compounds and their combinations with the latter against clinically isolated, sulphonamide-sensitiveKlebsiella-Enterobacter andEscherichia coli strains showed optimal synergy at trimethoprim-sulphonamide ratios between 1:10 and 1:40, but that appreciable mutual potentiation occurred within a rather broad range of concentration ratios. Limited experiments indicated that synergy occurs less frequently and is less pronounced against sulphonamide resistant bacteria. The different sulphonamides behaved rather similarly in their combinations with trimethoprim, and in order to find the best sulphonamide, detailed comparisons of the pharmacokinetic properties of the different combinations are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative in vivo activity of bacampicillin and amoxycillin (1979)
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bacampicillin ist ein oral gut absorbiertes Pro-Drug von Ampicillin, das hohe Serum- und Gewebespiegel des letzteren gibt. Seine therapeutische Aktivität wurde mit derjenigen des Amoxycillins in zwei experimentellen Infektionsmodellen bei Mäusen verglichen. Die Tiere wurden intraperitoneal mit Suspensionen vonEscherichia coli III undHaemophilus influenzae 22863 infiziert und vier Stunden danach mit Bacampicillin oder Amoxycillin oral behandelt. Die antibakterielle Aktivität der beiden Verbindungen wurde als CD50-Wert oder durch Keimzählung im Blut und in Organhomogenaten der Tiere gemessen. Ampicillin und Amoxycillin hatten die gleiche inhibitorische aber eine unterschiedliche bakterizide Aktivität gegen die Testkeime. Bacampicillin und Amoxycillin hatten ähnliche therapeutische Aktivität und verursachten beide eine schnelle Abnahme der Keimzahlen in den Tieren. Bacampicillin hatte eine schnellere bakterizide Wirkung als Amoxycillin gegen denHaemophilus influenzae-Stamm, während für Amoxycillin initial eine kräftigere Bakterizidie gegen dieEscherichia coli-Infektion gefunden wurde.
    Notes: Summary Bacampicillin is an orally well-absorbed pro-drug of ampicillin giving high in vivo levels of the latter. Its therapeutic activity was compared with that of amoxycillin in two experimental infection models in mice. The animals were infected with suspensions ofEscherichia coli III andHaemophilus influenzae 22863 intraperitoneally and treated orally four hours afterwards with one of the two compounds. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was determined as CD50 values or by making viable counts in the blood and in organ homogenates of the animals. Ampicillin and amoxycillin had the same inhibitory but different bactericidal activity against the test strains. Both compounds appeared to have similar therapeutic activity and were found to cause a rapid decrease of the bacterial counts in the animals. Bacampicillin appeared to give a more rapid bactericidal activity than amoxycillin against theHaemophilus influenzae strain, whereas amoxycillin initially appeared more bactericidal against theEscherichia coli infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01659766
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomerism, total decay energies, and absolute γ-ray intensities of the heavy Pd and Ag isotopes (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 337 (1990), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 23.20.Lv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decays of113, 114, 115g, 115m, 116Pd have been studied with an emphasis on the determinations of total decay energies and absoluteγ-ray intensities. The experiments also provided improved data on these quantities for the decays of114, 115g, 115m, 116mAg. A search for isomeric transitions using a high resolution electron detector resulted in the identification of isomericE3 transitions in115Pd and113, 115, 116, 117Ag. The isomeric branching was determined in all cases. TheQ β-values of113–116Pd and113–116Ag have been measured using aβγ-coincidence method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01289690
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The decay of84As (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 338 (1991), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv ; 25.85.Ec
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay properties of84As have been investigated with mass separated sources. Only one β-decaying state is seen, contradictory to previous observations. The halflife is found to be 4.5±0.2 s. A detailed decay scheme has been constructed, and 33 excited states in84Se have been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01288191
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of absolute γ-ray intensities in the decays of very neutron rich isotopes of Cd and In (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 324 (1986), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The half lives and the γ-ray branching ratios of neutron rich Cd and In isotopes have been investigated by simultaneous measurements of β- and γ-ray spectra. The results presented contain information on 21 different β-decaying isotopes or isomers of Cd and In in the mass region A=123–129. Four previously unknown or little known isotopes of Cd are reliably characterized for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290762
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The low energy β-strength of135Sb (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 332 (1989), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv ; 25.85.Ec
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay of135Sb has been investigated at the online fission product mass separator OSIRIS. The low energy level scheme of the daughter nucleus135Te, revealing states of strong single-particle character. The results are compared to experimental data for isotonic nuclei, and are discussed within the framework of the shell-model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01292426
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