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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER BENEATH A BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 8 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: . A study of nitrate concentration in the groundwater beneath a beef cattle feedlot near Central City, Nebraska was started in 1968. An intensive 3-day pumping study was conducted at the feedlot at the start of 1970 irrigation system. Little nitrate concentration was found in the ground-water coming from beneath the feedlot. Pumping caused a slight increase in nitrate concentration over the average concentration for the previous 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1972.tb05987.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in subarctic agricultural and forest soils (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphatase ; Dehydrogenase ; Urease ; Microbial activity ; No tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Microbial biomass, activities of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease, and numbers of ammonium oxidizers were determined at monthly intervals on soil samples obtained from an on-going tillage residue-management study during the summers of 1985 and 1986. The site was cleared of black spruce (Picea mariana, Mill.) in 1979 and has been planted to spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) since 1982. Tillage treatments were no-tillage or disked twice, and residuemanagement treatments were removal of stubble and loose straw or leaving all straw on the plots. Microbial biomass and enzyme activities were moderate to high in the Ap horizon but very low in the B horizon. There was no difference in any parameter measured due to tillage or residue management. In 1986, comparisons were made between the Ap horizon and the agricultural soil and the A horizon of the soil beneath an adjacent black-spruce forest. Total microbial biomass and enzyme activities were generally greater in the forest soil than in the agricultural soil. However, specific activity of the biomass was generally greater in the agricultural soil. Soil microbial biomass and urease activities of both agricultural and forest soils were similar to those reported for warmer climates, but dehydrogenase activity was higher and phosphatase was lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a toxin produced by a rhizobacterialPseudomonas sp. that inhibits wheat growth (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: characterization ; deleterious rhizobacteria ; inhibitory bacteria ; pseudomonads ; toxin ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A toxin produced by a deleterious rhizobacterial pseudomonad that inhibits both winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root andEscherichia coli growth was characterized. The toxin was rapidly deactivated at pH 2 and 12 and by autoclaving (121°C, 15 minutes). Less toxin was destroyed as the temperature and time of exposure decreased, and at 40°C it was stable for at least 24 hours. The toxin was extremely polar and could not be extracted from culture filtrates with organic solvents. The compound eluted after the void volume from a Sephadex G-10 column indicating a molecular weight of less than 700. The toxin adsorbed to Dowex 50W strong cation exchange resin and eluted with 2M NH4OH. Numerous thin layer chromatography solvent systems were unsuccessful at purifying the toxin. The partially purified toxin inhibited several different microorganisms while the producing strains were resistant. The toxin appears unique to toxins produced by recognized plant pathogenic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220808
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of inhibitory pseudomonads in the Pacific Northwest (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: downy brome ; growth ; inhibition ; lentil ; pea ; winter barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Incidence of pseudomonads inhibitory to the root growth of till and no-till seeded crops winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum), lentil (Lens culinaris), and no-till winter barley (Hordeum vulgare), top and bottom of a seeded slope, and on the weed downy brome (Bromus tectorum) was investigated. Pseudomonads on the rhizoplane of these plants ranged from 106 to 108 colony-forming units (cfu) per gram dry weight of root. Neither tillage management nor site on a seeded slope affected colonizing numbers. Total numbers of pseudomonads were reduced in a second sampling, particularly on winter barley roots. However, more inhibitory pseudomonads were found in the second sampling. Several of the isolates, both inhibitory and stimulatory from different host plants, were bioassayed against winter wheat seedlings. Generally, the effect was different on the winter wheat than on the host plant indicating the organisms had some specificity. Several pseudomonads were isolated that severely reduced downy brome root growth and not that of winter wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370640
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of root contact with short-chain aliphatic acids on later wheat growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Inhibition ; Wheat growth ; Tillering ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the effect of and duration of the effect of alliphatic acids on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling root growth, shoot growth, and tillering. Winter wheat seedlings grown in contact with unbuffered solutions of 2 mM or greater acetic or 0.5 mM or greater propionic or butyric acid for 3 days showed decreased root and, in general, shoot growth. Buffering the medium partially alleviated the problem. Removing the seedling from the acid medium and growing it in a nutrient medium resulted in accelerated root growth, compared with the control, while shoot growth was permanently inhibited during this study. Seedling wheat, grown with one root in contact with concentrations of acetic acid ranging from 0–16 mM and the other roots in aliphatic acid-free medium, grew at the same rate as the control. Seedling wheat grown for 3 days in 2 and 4 mM acetic acid medium showed a more rapid formation of the first stem tiller (T1) than did the control. Concentrations of 6 and 8 mM acetic acid appeared to delay T1 tiller formation through the first 18 days after germination, while only 10 mM acetic acid reduced T1 tiller formation by 30% 20 days after germination. The second stem tiller (T2) was not affected by previous exposure to acetic acid. The results of these laboratory studies indicate that short-term exposure of seedling winter wheat to short-chain aliphatic acids can result in permanent shoot and tiller damage and not in permanent root damage as previously thought. These results could explain the poor performance of no-till seeded winter wheat when growing through heavy crop residues that are producing shortchain aliphatic acids during decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181354
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizoplane colonization of pea seedlings by Rhizobium leguminosarum and a deleterious root colonizing Pseudomonas sp. and effects on plant growth (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: colonization ; inhibitory bacteria ; pea ; pseudomonads ; rhizoplane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Some pseudomonads produce a toxin that specifically inhibits winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth and the growth of several microorganisms. The toxin does not inhibit pea (Pisum sativum) root growth, but the organisms are aggressive root colonizers and their effect on Rhizobium leguminosarum growth, colonization, and nodulation of peas was not known. Peas were grown in Leonard jars in the greenhouse. Pea roots were inoculated with R. leguminosarum, a toxin-producing Pseudomonas sp., both, or neither (control). The Pseudomonas sp. colonized pea roots more rapidly and in greater number than R. leguminosarum after ten days. In the presence of the Pseudomonas sp., the R. leguminosarum population on the rhizoplane was less at ten days. When the roots were inoculated with both R. leguminosarum and Pseudomonas sp., the number of nodules were greater than when R. leguminosarum was inoculated alone, but nodule dry weight and pea shoot biomass were similar to plants inoculated with only R. leguminosarum. Although these results need confirmation with non-sterile soil and field studies, these preliminary results indicate that peas will not be affected by wheat root-inhibitory rhizobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009936
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of available carbon and nitrogen in straw on soil and ash aggregation and acetic acid production (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley straw ; Decomposed straw ; Phytotoxicity ; Soluble carbon ; Soluble nitrogen ; Winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aerobically decomposed straws containing various contents of available C and N were tested for resultant aggregating effect on Mt. St. Helen's ash and Palouse silt loam. Aggregation decreased when straw N content increased in the range 0.25–1.09% w/w. These results suggest that microbial extra-cellular products are very important for stabilizing soils. Microbial production of acetic acid, which can be phytotoxic to wheat plant seedlings, was greatest initially from the 1.09% N w/w straw. After the first three days of aerobic decomposition, acetic acid production was not linked to the straw N content. The potential of barley and wheat straw to serve as a substrate for acetic acid production was greater than that of the remains of the flowering heads (chaff). However, the chaff might pack more tightly than the straw in the field, which would increase effectively its acetic acid concentration over that of the straw.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450367
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxin production by a rhizobacterialPseudomonas sp. that inhibits wheat root growth (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deleterious ; inhibitory bacteria ; pseudomonads ; rhizobacteria ; toxin ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the production of a toxin inhibitory to both winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth andEscherichia coli that was produced by a rhizobacterial pseudomonad. Of several carbon sources tested, the most rapid growth and highest toxin concentrations were obtained with glucose, glycerol, or trehalose. Toxin production was repressed with L-cysteine as the nitrogen source. Toxin was produced during the late exponential and early stationary phase of growth by the bacterium and, contrary to studies with other toxins, was unaffected by Fe and P concentrations in the growth medium. Toxin production by the bacterium was the same at growth temperatures of 25 and 15°C while it produced less at 5°C. If the bacterium was able to grow, it produced toxin. No compound tested induced an increase in toxin production indicating toxin production is constitutive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects on winter wheat seedling growth by toxin-producing rhizobacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 399-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Inhibitory bacteria ; Pseudomonads ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Root-colonizing pseudomonads capable of inhibiting seedling winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth in an agar seedling bioassay also significantly inhibited wheat root growth in vermiculite; however, the inhibitory trait is quite labile in laboratory culturing. The extent of inhibition in both the agar and vermiculite medium depended on inoculum level. These pseudomonads were found to produce a toxin capable of inhibiting growth ofEscherichia coli C-la andBacillus subtilis. Field isolates that strongly inhibit growth of indicator bacteria also inhibited root growth. Toxin production by the bacteria appeared necessary for inhibition of root growth and indicator bacteria as toxin-negative (TOX−) mutants no longer inhibited either. Antibiosis towardsE. coli as well as wheat seedling root inhibition in agar was reversed by L-methionine, providing further evidence that a toxin, produced by these organisms, is involved in growth retardation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184452
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant growth-inhibitory pseudomonads colonizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Inhibitory bacteria ; Residue management ; Root growth ; Seedlings ; Shoot growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pseudomonads, which inhibit root extension, can be present in the winter wheat rhizosphere in large numbers, but they are not detectable until late winter or early spring. Their presence was not related to the presence of wheat straw residues or type of tillage, although they were present on the wheat residues when they appeared in the rhizosphere. Wheat seedlings were more sensitive to the bacteria at 15° C than at 20° C during bioassays. The type of agar used in the bioassay can affect the results obtained. The inhibitory factor expressed by the pseudomonads is quite variable and is radically affected by transfer of isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197867
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