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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: aerobiology ; methodology ; slide counting methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two of the most frequently used methods of pollen counting on slides from Hirst type traps are evaluated in this paper: the transverse traverse method and the longitudinal traverse method. The study was carried out during June–July 1996 and 1997 on slides from a trap at Worcester, UK. Three pollen types were selected for this purpose: Poaceae, Urticaceae and Quercus. The statistical results show that the daily concentrations followed similar trends (p 〈 0.01, R-values between 0.78–0.96) with both methods during the two years, although the counts were slightly higher using the longitudinal traverses method. Significant differences were observed, however, when the distribution of the concentrations during 24 hour sampling periods was considered. For more detailed analysis, the daily counts obtained with both methods were correlated with the total number of pollen grains for the taxon over the whole slide, in two different situations: high and low concentrations of pollen in the atmosphere. In the case of high concentrations, the counts for all three taxa with both methods are significantly correlated with the total pollen count. In the samples with low concentrations, the Poaceae and Urticaceae counts with both methods are significantly correlated with the total counts, but none of Quercus counts are. Consideration of the results indicates that both methods give a reasonable approximation to the count derived from the slide as a whole. More studies need be done to explore the comparability of counting methods in order to work towards a Universal Methodology in Aeropalynology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: aerobiology ; airborne pollen ; Europe ; European Pollen Information ; Grass Pollen seasons ; Phenology ; start dates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Geographical and temporal variations in the start dates of grass pollen seasons are described for selected sites of the European Pollen Information Service. Daily average grass pollen counts are derived from Network sites in Finland, the Netherlands, Denmark, United Kingdom, Austria, Italy and Spain, giving a broad longitudinal transect over Western Europe. The study is part of a larger project that also examines annual and regional variations in the severity, timing of the peak and duration of the grass pollen seasons. For several sites, data are available for over twenty years enabling long term trends to be discerned. The analyses show notable contrasts in the progression of the seasons annually with differing lag times occurring between southern and northern sites in various years depending on the weather conditions. The patterns identified provide some insight into geographical differences and temporal trends in the incidence of pollinosis. The paper discusses the main difficulties involved in this type of analysis and notes possibilities for using data from the European Pollen Information service to construct pan European predictive models for pollen seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: Betula ; pollen ; regional ; season
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Betula pollen is known to be an importantaeroallergen in Europe and the UK, with very largequantities of pollen released into the air at theheight of the season, making it the most abundant treepollen present in the UK spring air.There has been long term pollen monitoring in Cardiff,Derby and London but in recent years the number ofregional sites has increased.Seven sites throughout the UK have monitoredBetula pollen using Burkard samplers for the period1993–1997 and for this study regionaldifferences in Betula pollen and climate wereinvestigated.Detailed analysis revealed considerable variation inthe start dates, duration and quantityof Betula pollen for the seven UK sitesthroughout the five year period.These regional variations in Betula pollenduration and intensity of season, indicate theimportance of maintaining sites throughout the UK asan aid to clinicians, researchers and the generalpublic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aerobiologia 7 (1991), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: annual ; daily ; diurnal ; meteorological factors ; Urticaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Annual differences in cumulative counts of Urticaceae pollen are found to relate primarily to the weather conditions during the pollen formative period (April and May) and secondarily to the weather prevailing during the season itself. Relative humidity, temperature, wind velocity and precipitation emerge as the most influential variables in the analysis of daily variations but their relative importance varies between years. Diurnal patterns in concentrations show general peaks occurring in the early evening but the severity and exact timing of these relates closely to wind direction. The implications of these results are considered in the context of forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aerobiologia 11 (1995), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: Allergenic ; Fungi ; London ; Spores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Little research has been carried out in London concerning fungal spore prevalence yet this information may help to elucidate geographical patterns of asthma and hay fever. Although many types of spore reach peak concentrations outdoors in late-summer, the incidences in the indoor environment may be more important through the winter because of heating and poor ventilation. Daily average concentrations of fungal spores in the ambient atmosphere were monitored with a Burkard volumetric spore trap on an exposed roof in North London from autumn 1991 until the summer of 1992. Indoor spore measurements were taken in 19 homes in the vicinity through the winter months, both by direct air sampling using a portable Burkard sampler and by dust culture. Trends in the occurrence and concentrations of fungal spores indoors and outdoors were examined. Relationships between the abundance of selected allergenic fungi and features of the houses were analysed including age of dwelling, dampness, cleanliness and presence of pets.Aspergillus andPenicillium were the most frequently occurring spore types in the homes. Overall, high spore incidence was associated with dampness and dust accumulation. The outdoor spore samples revealed generally low concentrations through the winter until March when concentrations of many types includingCladosporium, Epicoccum andAlternaria increased in abundance in response to the warmer weather. Even during the late-spring and early-summer, concentrations of most fungal spores were notably below those reported for rural sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: Cardiff ; image analysis ; paticles ; PM10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates the size, composition andconcentration of airborne particles. These featuresare examined from continuously recorded volumetricdaily air samples, taken by Burkard and Hirst trapsfrom the center of Cardiff City and samples fromselected sites around Cardiff. The set of slides isunique as it dates from 1954 to the present day, andcontains data, which precedes any other routinemeasurements of PM10. Image analysis has not been used previously to examinePM10 from slides taken by Hirst-type traps, but it hasbeen demonstrated as an important application inalternative projects. The advantages of being able toperform simple but tedious measurements quickly makeit an important tool for this project. It can alsomeasure a number of images simultaneously and quantifyparameters that would otherwise have been based onqualitative subjective comparisons. Environmental data including wind speeds, rain falland temperature measurements are investigated toexamine the influence on the temporal variation of theabundance and characteristics of airborne particulatematter. Confounding factors that may have impacts oncardiovascular and respiratory illness are beingexamined. These include data on aeroallergens (pollenand fungal spore counts), nitrogen oxide, sulphurdioxide, and carbon monoxide. The project will beextended to an analysis of the results in relation tohealth data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aerobiologia 9 (1993), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 1573-3025
    Keywords: aerobiology ; pollen ; rainfall ; London
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Data from a Burkard volumetric sampler in a densely built-up area of North-central London, England are used to investigate the effects of rainfall on pollen concentrtions over four years. Pollen counts generally decreased with rainfall, although several episodes of increased pollen concentration have been recorded in London following the onset of precipitation. Pollen concentration is recorded as two-hourly pollen counts, while hourly records of nine meteorological variables, including rainfall amount and intensity, are obtained from the London site of the Meteorological Office. The two-hourly changes in concentration that take place during both «normal» rainfall events and during those displaying marked increases in pollen concentration are examined in relation to the patterns of rainfall, the wind regimes, synoptic situation and general characteristics of urban areas. The influence of rainfall in removing pollen from the air is also examined in relation to the rainfall intensity and size of pollen grains for selected taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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