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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The superantigenic activity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B is independent of the protease activity (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 25 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nature of the mitogenic activity of pyrogenic streptococcal exotoxin B, also known as streptococcal cysteine protease, has been debated in the literature. streptococcal exotoxin B has been shown to cleave interleukin-1β precursor and create biologically active interleukin-1β, a major cytokine mediating inflammation and shock. This activity could mimic the mitogenicity and cytokine release induced by superantigens in lymphocyte stimulating experiments. In this study, the protease activity of streptococcal exotoxin B was irreversibly inhibited by covalent binding of a tripeptide and the superantigenic properties of streptococcal exotoxin B were found not to be influenced by this inactivation. Native as well as protease-inactivated streptococcal exotoxin B was shown to stimulate T-cell proliferation without a need of metabolically active antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, streptococcal exotoxin B-induced T-cell proliferation was shown to require HLA-DQ since addition of HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies totally inhibited the mitogenic activity of streptococcal exotoxin B, indicating that streptococcal exotoxin B, as other superantigens, makes direct contact with the T-cell receptor via HLA class II. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between the proteolytic and superantigenic properties of streptococcal exotoxin B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01360.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caries development after substitution of supervised fluoride rinses and tooth brushings by unsupervised use of fluoride toothpaste (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 22 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a nonfluoridated community of Finland, where fortnightly fluoride rinsing with 0.2% sodium fluoride has been used for nearly two decades, a total of 313 children 7–8 yr old were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. 206 children completed the 3-yr trial. The control group (n=94) participated in the rinsing program which included supervised toothbrushings, while the test group (n= 112) received a new fluoride toothpaste tube (0.15% F) for home use every second month. Annual dental recordings, treatment plannings and the treatment itself were all carried out by one clinician. At the end of the study the number of caries-free children of the toothpaste group was lower (P〈0.01) and the caries increment higher (〈0.05) than that of the mouthrinse group. Out of the mean of four dental visits per child and year some 1.5 were prophylactic by nature. No differences were found between the number of treatment visits, time or prophylactic care of the two groups. Unsupervised use of fluoride toothpaste may not be a sufficient substitute for the school-based fortnightly fluoride rinses and supervised toothbrushings in caries prevention of children with erupting permanent teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb00790.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refined genetic localization of the Best disease gene in 11q13 and physical mapping of linked markers on radiation hybrids (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 101 (1997), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Best’s macular dystrophy, also known as vitelliform macular degeneration type 2 (VMD-2), is an autosomal dominant eye disorder that causes reduced visual acuity. It generally manifests itself in the teenage years. The gene mutated in VMD-2 patients may provide valuable insight into the biological mechanisms of the far more common disorder age-related macular degeneration. The VMD-2 gene has been localized to 11q13 between UGB and FcɛRI. In order to clone the gene positionally, a large Swedish VMD-2 family dating back to the 17th century was studied for recombinations. Since the last study, another 40 microsatellite markers have been analyzed in the family; the closest centromeric flanking marker, D11S4076, revealed two recombinations and the closest telomeric flanking marker, UGB, revealed one recombination. The recombinations have occurred in affected individuals, which eliminates the potential problem of reduced penetrance. The order and physical distance between 22 markers located at proximal 11q13 were analyzed on the G3 Stanford radiation-reduced cell hybrids. The data suggest that the VMD-2 region flanked by the microsatellite markers D11S4076 and UGB is approximately 980 kb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050627
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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