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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Language and Communication 7 (1987), S. 59-75 
    ISSN: 0271-5309
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. S102 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endokrine ; Orbitopathie ; Orbitadekompression ; Key words Graves’ ophthalmopathy ; Orbita decompression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Graves’ ophthalmopathy (Graves’ disease) is a grave, rare immunological inflammatory reaction of the postorbital connective, adipose and ocular muscle tissue. Graves’ disease occurs only within the scope of immunothyropathies and constitutes the most frequently encountered extrathyroidal manifestation. Typical symptoms are a result of the volume increase of the postbulbar connective and adipose tissue and of the interstitial swelling of the ocular muscles. Clinically, we find a spectrum of increasingly grave changes in the orbita, such as infiltration of the eyelid and connective tissue, exophthalmos, swelling of the muscles, damage to the cornea and involvement of the optic nerve with loss of vision. Regarding functional impairment of the optic nerve (optic nerve compression), orbita decompression represents an operative ultima ratio. Between January 1992 and April 1997, 11 patients (22 orbitae) from a group of more than 600 patients with Graves’ disease with vision involvement were treated surgically. All treatment data were documented prospectively. Surgical intervention was performed only in cases where a progressive loss of vision existed in spite of retrobulbar irradiation and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Surgical therapy consisted of decompression of the medial, inferior and lateral orbital wall and of the orbital contents via combined bi-coronary and anterior access. The long-term results demonstrated improved vision conditions with 17 of the 22 eyes operated on. Parameters such as vision, exophthalmos, VEP, motility, double vision and field of vision were documented pre- and post-operatively. The prediction of post-operative deviations of the bulb axis was limited, and these were rectified through secondary displacements of the ocular muscle. No complications worth mentioning were encountered. In extreme events of therapy-resistant Graves’ ophthalmopathies with progressive loss of vision, the three-wall decompression method has proved to be the correct one.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die endokrine Orbitopathie (EO) ist eine seltene, schwerwiegende immunologische Entzündungsreaktion des retroorbitalen Binde-, Fett- und Augenmuskelgewebes. Die EO tritt nur im Rahmen von Immunthyreopathien auf und bildet deren häufigste extrathyreoidale Manifestation. Die typischen Symptome der EO sind Folge der Volumenzunahme des retrobulbären Binde- und Fettgewebes sowie der interstitiellen Verdickung der Augenmuskeln. Klinisch zeigt sich ein Spektrum von zunehmend schwerwiegenden Orbitaveränderungen, wie Lid- und Bindehautinfiltration, Exophthalmus, Muskelverdickung, Hornhautschädigungen und Sehnervbeteiligung mit Visusabfall. Bei einer Funktionsstörung des Sehnervs (Optikuskompression) stellt die Orbitadekompression eine operative Ultima ratio dar. Von Januar 1992 bis April 1997 wurden 11 Patienten (22 Orbitae) mit Visusbeteilung aus einem Kollektiv von über 600 Patienten mit EO chirurgisch behandelt. Alle Behandlungsdaten wurden prospektiv dokumentiert. Die chirurgische Intervention wurde nur in den Fällen durchgeführt, in denen trotz Retrobulbärbestrahlung und hochdosierter Glukokortikoidtherapie ein progressiver Visusverlust bestand. Die chirurgische Therapie beinhaltet eine Dekompression der medialen, inferioren und lateralen Orbitawände und des Orbitainhalts über einen kombinierten bikoronaren und anterioren Zugang. Die Langzeitergebnisse der Patienten zeigen verbesserte Visusverhältnisse bei 17 der 22 operierten Augen. Parameter wie Visus, Exophthalmus, VEP, Augenmotilität, Diplopie und Gesichtsfeld wurden prä- und postoperativ dokumentiert. Postoperative Abweichungen der Bulbusachsen waren nur bedingt vorhersagbar und wurden durch sekundäre Augenmuskelverlagerungen korrigiert. Es zeigten sich keine nennenswerten Komplikationen. Für Extremfälle therapieresistenter endokriner Orbitapathien mit progredientem Visusverlust hat sich in unseren Händen die 3-Wand-Dekompression als Methode der Wahl bewährt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 238 (2000), S. 727-732 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) describes the phenomenon of cross-resistance between different cytostatic agents which are structurally and functionally dissimilar. Two recently discovered proteins, lung resistance protein (LRP) and the multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) have been implicated in the development of MDR. Since resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a common problem in filtration surgery, especially in cases of complicated glaucoma, we decided to investigate the presence of MRP and LRP in surgically removed Tenon specimens from glaucoma patients. Methods: The presence of MRP and LRP in surgically removed Tenon tissue (n=15) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression by cultured Tenon fibroblasts was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorocytometry. Results: LRP expression was detected in 8 of 10 Tenon specimens. Positive staining for MRP was obtained in 5 of 10 specimens. Negative controls with non-immune mouse IgG did not display any specific staining. RT-PCR and fluorocytometry revealed constitutive expression of MRP and LRP, at the RNA and protein level respectively, that was unaltered by pretreatment of the cells with mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate, that besides P-glycoprotein, other components of the MDR-system are present in conjunctival fibroblasts. Future developments in the use of chemotherapeutic agents in association with of filtration surgery need to take account of the presence of these counteracting mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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