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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expressing the yeast HAL1 gene in tomato increases fruit yield and enhances K+/Na+ selectivity under salt stress (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The yeast HAL1 gene facilitates K+/Na+ selectivity and salt tolerance of cells. Ectopic expression of HAL1 in transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants minimized the reduction in fruit production caused by salt stress. Maintenance of fruit production by transgenic plants was correlated with enhanced growth under salt stress of calli derived from the plants. The HAL1 transgene enhanced water and K+ contents in both leaf calli and leaves in the presence of salt, which indicates that HAL1 functions in plants using a similar mechanism to that in yeast, namely by facilitating K+/Na+ selectivity under salt stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00719.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic adjustment in Lycopersicon esculentum and L. Pennellii under NaCl and polyethylene glycol 6000 iso–osmotic stresses (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in leaf solute contents in response to saline (NaCl) and osmotic (polyethylene glycol, PEG, 6000) stresses were measured in three different salt tolerant cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. (Pera, P-73 and Volgogradskij), and its wild relative L. pennellii (Correll) D'Arcy accession PE-47. Iso-osmotic stresses (–0. 5 MPa) of NaCl (140 mM) and PEG 6000 (150 g l-1) were applied to one-month old plants for 3 weeks. Decreasing leaf dry weight was similar in L. pennellii or L. esculentum cv. P-73 and Volgogradskij under both stresses, while leaf dry weight of L. esculentum cv. Pera decreased more under PEG stress than under NaCl stress. Water contents decreased in all the PEG treated populations, while their calculated solute potential (Ψs increased. Under osmotic stress, the total ion contents decreased in relation to control, whereas organic solutes (sugars, amino acids and organic acids) markedly increased in both tomato species, specially in the tomato cultivars, where these solutes represented 50% of the Ψ5 calculated. Soluble sugar increase was three times higher in leaves of L. esculentum than in the leaves of L. pennellii. Free proline increased under both stresses and its content was highest in L. esculentum and in L. pennellii, respectively, under NaCl and PEG stresses. Nevertheless, the contribution of this metabolite to Ψs did not exceed 5%, irrespective of treatment and species. The greater organic solute accumulation in L. esculentum than in L. pennellii– which was not reflected in their Ψ5 values – was not correlated with the tolerances of the two species to osmotic stress. Therefore, osmotic adjustment may not be the only process influencing salt and drought tolerances in tomato; the ability of plants to regulate their metabolic and physiological functions could also play an important role under these harmful conditions. The possible roles of inorganic solutes and metabolites in osmotic adjustment, energetic metabolism and redox regulation are discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb02498.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomical and physiological characterization of salinity tolerance in a commercial tomato hybrid (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 180 (1996), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbohydrates ; ionic regulation ; L. esculentum ; NaCl-tolerance ; proline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The salt tolerance of the commercial F1 tomato hybrid (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Radja (GC-793) has been agronomically and physiologically evaluated under greenhouse conditions, using a control (nutrient solution), a moderate (70 mM NaCl added to the nutrient solution) and a high salt level (140 mM NaCl), applied for 130 days. The results show that Radja is a Na+-excluder genotype, tolerant to moderate salinity. Fruit yield was reduced by 16% and 60% and the shoot biomass by 30% and more than 75% under moderate and high salinities, respectively. At 90 days of salt treatment (DST), the mature leaves feeding the 4th truss at fruiting accumulated little Na+ (178 mmol kg-1 DW). At this time, the sucrose concentration in these leaves even increased with moderate salinity and the amino acid proline was not accumulated under salt conditions as compared to control. At 130 DST, Na+ was accumulated mainly by the roots in proportion to the salt level applied, while in leaves appreciable amounts were found only at high salinity (452 mmol kg-1 DW). In the leaves, Cl- was always accumulated in proportion to the salt level and in a very much greater amounts than Na+ (until 1640 mmol kg-1 DW). The sucrose content was reduced in all plants by salinity, and was distributed preferentially toward the distal stem and peduncle of a truss at fruiting under moderate salinity, and toward the basal stem and root at high salinity. Moreover, proline was accumulated in different organs of the plant only at high salinity, coinciding with Na+ accumulation in leaves. Attempts are made to find a clear relationship between physiological behaviour triggered by stress and the agronomical behaviour, in order to assess the validity of physiological traits used for salt-tolerance selection and breeding in tomato.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salinity tolerance of normal-fruited and cherry tomato cultivars (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Maas-Hoffman model ; non-linear regression ; salt-tolerance ; selection ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The salinity tolerances (NaCl) of 8 normal-fruited tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 4 cherry tomato cultivars (L. esculentum var.cerasiforme) were determined by yield-substrate EC response curves, according to the Mass-Hoffman model, modified by van Genuchten and Hoffman (1984). The same model was used to determine the response curves of leaf dry-weight, stem dry-weight, and plant height against substrate EC and also between yield and leaf concentrations of Cl- and Na ions. According to the salinity-threshold (maximum EC-value without yield reduction) and slope (yield decrease per unit EC increase) parameters, determined from the yield-EC response curves, the cherry tomato cultivars were more salt-tolerant than the normal-fruited ones. However, on the basis of vegetative growth characters-EC response curves, cherry tomato cultivars and normal-fruited ones were similarly affected by NaCl. The ranking of the cultivars by their salinity tolerance, determined from the plots of yield vs. leaf concentrations of Cl- and Na ions, was the same as that evaluated from the yield vs. substrate EC plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150056
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of tomato cultivars to salinity (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 150 (1993), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ion contents ; L. esculentum ; NaCl-tolerance ; salinity ; tomato cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The responses of five tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill) of different degrees of salt tolerance were examined over a range of 0 to 140 mM NaCl applied for 3 and 10 weeks. Judged by both Na and Cl accumulations and maintenance of K, Ca and Mg contents with increasing salinity, the most tolerant cultivars (Pera and GC-72) showed different responses. The greater salt tolerance of cv Pera was associated with a higher Cl and Na accumulation and a lower K content in the shoot than those found in the other cultivars, typical of a halophytic response to salinity. However, the greater salt tolerance of cv GC-72 was associated with a retention of Na and Cl in the root, restriction of their translocation to the shoot and maintenance of potassium selectivity under saline conditions. The salt tolerance mechanisms that operated in the remaining cultivars were similar to that of cv GC-72, as at first they excluded Na and Cl from the shoots, accumulating them in the roots; with longer treatment, the ability to regulate Na and Cl concentrations in the plant was lost only in the most salt sensitive cultivar (Volgogradskij), resulting in a massive influx of both ions into the shoot. The salt sensitivity of some tomato cultivars to salinity could be due to both the toxic effect of Na and Cl ions and nutritional imbalance induced by salinity, as plant growth was inversely correlated with Na and Cl contents and directly correlated with K and Ca contents. This study displays that there is not a single salt tolerance mechanism, since different physiological responses among tomato cultivars have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013017
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