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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 18 (1979), S. 2626-2627 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Near-infrared spectroscopy ; Arthritis ; Diagnosis ; Synovial fluid ; Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Synovial fluid aspirates have been characterized by measuring their visible/near-infrared spectra (400–2500 nm). The hypothesis tested in this study is that the spectra contain sufficient information to serve as an aid in the diagnosis and/or staging of arthritic disorders. The concentrations of all major constituents are carried implicitly in the spectra, and in this sense this approach is similar in spirit to conventional synovial fluid analysis. The distinguishing feature of this method is that we have not converted the raw data (spectra) explicitly to analytical information. Rather, we have used automated pattern recognition methods to identify significant characteristics of the spectra themselves. A total of 109 spectra were measured and split into three classes according to the disease (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or spondyloarthropathy) affecting the patient from whom the synovial fluid sample was taken. An automated classification method was then trained by correlating features derived from these spectra to the clinical diagnoses. The robustness of the classification was validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation method, i.e., by training on all but one of the spectra and using the resulting model to predict the classification for the spectrum that is left out. The result derived by following this procedure for each of the spectra was that 105 of the 109 predicted classifications correctly matched the clinical diagnosis. These results suggest that the near-infrared spectrum of synovial fluid is sufficient to allow diagnosis of the disease affecting the joint from which the aspirate is drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: arthritis ; diagnosis ; infrared spectroscopy ; linear discriminant analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been applied to the investigation of synovial fluids (SFs) aspirated from arthritic joints. Significant differences, related to differences in the composition of the fluid as a result of the disease processes, were found between spectra of SFs from joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and meniscal injuries. Linear discriminant analysis with leave-one-out cross validation was used to classify 239 SF film spectra obtained from 86 patients. Using a patient-based approach, in which the consensus of results obtained from three spectra of each fluid was taken as the diagnosis, multivariate analysis successfully classified spectra into four classes, in excellent agreement with clinical diagnosis (96.5% correct classification). These results demonstrate that when combined with a properly trained classifier, infrared spectra of SF films can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of arthritic disorders. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 161-167, 1997
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über den Entwicklungsstand der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen (HTBZ) in Deutschland gegeben. Dieser Zellentyp eignet sich infolge der erhöhten Betriebstemperatur zur direkten Verwendung billiger Kohlenwasserstoffe. Der erste Teil behandelt die Präparation und das Verhalten der Einzelkomponenten wie Festelektrolyt und Elektroden. Die gegenwärtig erzielte Leistung von Einzelzellen sowie das Verhalten während 104 h wird angegeben. Die Verbindung von Einzelzellen zu Moduln und ihr elektrochemisches Verhalten wird beschrieben. In einem später folgenden zweiten Teil werden Aufbau und Wirtschaftlichkeit von HTBZ-Aggregaten sowie deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten behandelt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Während sich der erste Teil [1] im wesentlichen mit den Problemen der Einzelzelle und deren Komponenten befaßte, behandelt der folgende zweite Teil das HTBZ-Aggregat. Dieses enthält neben den Brennstoffzellen, die zu einer Batterie zusammengeschaltet sind, sämtliche für deren Betrieb erforderlichen Hilfsvorrichtungen. In einem solchen Aggregat können billige Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Erdgas oder Benzin als Brennstoff eingesetzt werden. Abschätzungen ergeben, daß ein Wirkungsgrad von 40% erreichbar ist und daß die erforderliche Betriebstemperatur von 1000 °C bei Leistungen bis herab zu 100 W ohne Fremdheizung aufrechterhalten werden kann. An Hand von Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen wird gezeigt, daß HTBZ-Aggregate bezüglich der Stromkosten mit dem Diesel-Generator und in bestimmten Fällen mit der Versorgung aus dem Netz vergleichbar sind. Abschließend wird auf einige andere, nicht der Stromerzeugung dienende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Festelektrolytzellen hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 381 (1971), S. 71-79 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The IR and RAMAN spectra of CINCO are reported. From spectral data the compound is shown to be planar: symmetry Cs. The structure of the molecule is discussed by the examination of the Q-branch separation within the type-C(⊥)-band. The suggestion of a weakly bent NCO group - given elsewhere - is supported. The force constants of the GVFF for CINCO and HNCO have been computed. From present calculations the force constant of the N—Cl single bond is found to be 2.8 mdyn/Å.
    Notes: IR- und RAMAN-Spektrum von CINCO werden mitgeteilt. Nach Aussage der Spektren ist die Verbindung eben gebaut: Symmetrie Cs. Die Diskussion der an anderer Stelle gegebenen Strukturvorschläge an Hand der Q-Aufspaltung in der Typ-C-(⊥)-Bande der Molekel bestätigt die Annahme einer schwach gewinkelten NCO-Gruppe. Die Kraftkonstanten des CINCO und HNCO wurden für das allgemeine Valenzkraftfeld berechnet. Als Kraftkonstante der N—Cl-Einfachbindung ergibt sich aus den vorliegenden Berechnungen ein Wert von 2,8 mdyn/Å.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 411 (1975), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN-Spektren von PeroxidenDie RAMAN-Spektren von polykristallinen Proben der Peroxide Li2O2, Na2O2, K2O2, Rb2O2, MgO2, CaO2, SrO2, BaO2, ZnO2 und CdO2 wurden gemessen. Die Sauerstoffvalenzschwingung wird im erwarteten Frequenzbereich von 750-850 cm-1 gefunden. Eine schwache Bande bei 815 cm-1 macht die Existenz von BeO2 wahrscheinlich. Die unterschiedlichen Frequenzverschiebungen in den Hydraten der Alkali- und Erdalkali-Peroxide werden gedeutet.
    Notes: The RAMAN spectra of solid polycristalline samples of peroxides of alkali metals, alkaline earths, and two group II transition metals have been measured. The O—O stretch vibration produces an intense band in the expected frequency region of 750 to 850 cm-1. The observation of a weak band at 815 cm-1 indicates the existence of BeO2. Frequency shifts in the hydrates of alkali and alkaline earth peroxides support different water association.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 424 (1976), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Single-Crystal Raman Spectra of Alums. II. Raman-active Lattice Vibrations and F.I.R. SpectraFIR and single crystal Raman spectra of seven different alums have been measured. All observed peaks are assigned to the symmetry species of the factor group Th. A part of the lattice modes could be assigned to translational and rotational motions of the sulfate (selenate) sublattice and to motions of the crystal water - [MeI(H2O)6]+ and [MeIII(H2O)6]3+ respectively. Comparison of spectra taken at 295 K and 80 K shows no frequency shifts significant for phase transition but a remarkable sharpening of especially those bands which are connected with water motions.
    Notes: Die FIR- und Einkristallspektren von 7 Alaunen wurden aufgenommen. Alle beobachteten Banden können den Symmetrie-Elementen der Faktorgruppe Th zugeordnet werden. Ein Teil der Gitterschwingungen konnte den Translations- und Rotations-Schwingungen des Sulfat-(Selenat-)Teilgitters und den Schwingungen des Kristallwassers - [MeI(H2O)6]+ bzw. [MeIII(H2O)6]3+ - zugeordnet werden. Ein Vergleich der bei 295 K und 80 K aufgenommenen Spektren zeigt keine Frequenzverschiebungen, die auf Phasenübergänge hinweisen würden; hingegen werden besonders die Banden, die mit den H2O—Schwingungen zusammenhängen, wesentlich schärfer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 439 (1978), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxide Chlorides of Arsenic (V): AsOCl3 and (As2O3Cl4)nAsOCl3 is formed by ozonolysis of AsCl3. It has a pyramidal structure with a strong As=O double bond. At room temperature it decomposes to (As2O3Cl4)n of unknown structure. Similar oxide bromides AsOBr3 and As2O3Br4 and oxide fluorides AsOF3 are not formed.Arsenic trichloride reacts with elemental fluorine under carefully controlled conditions to AsCl4+AsF6-.
    Notes: AsOCl3 entsteht durch Ozonolyse von AsCl3. Es ist pyramidal gebaut mit starker As=O Doppelbindung. Bei Raumtemperatur zersetzt es sich zu (As2O3Cl4)n, dessen Struktur noch unbekannt ist. Entsprechende Oxidbromide AsOBr3 und As2O3Br4 sind so nicht darstellbar, ebensowenig ein Oxidfluorid AsOF3. Arsentrichlorid reagiert mit elementarem Fluor unter vorsichtiger Reaktionsführung zu AsCl4+AsF6-.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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