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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Anatomy of the Cloacal Bursa (Bursa of Fabricius) in the Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 22 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cloacal bursa (bursa of Fabricius) in the guinea fowls appeared either as an oval blind sac with a short thick stalk in one group or had a pointed cranial blind end with a slightly bulging middle part that was followed by a thick caudal stalk in the other group. Both groups of bursae originated from the proctodeal wall of the cloaca and were placed dorsal to the rectum. The average length of the bursa was 18 mm while the average width at die mid section was 15 mm. The internal surface showed about 12 – 14 primary folds.Histologically, the outline of the bursa was well established by day 18 of incubation. The primary folds had also been formed. Lymphocytes had already been encountered within the framework of the bursa at this day. The epithelium bordering the tunica propria was composed principally of two layers of cuboidal cells. Epithelial buds had also formed and some were already detached from the epithelial lining. The blood vessels present were positioned just beneath the outer covering.At day 19 of incubation, most of the epithelial buds had two layers of cells arranged in a circumscribed manner while a few had three layers of cells. Blood vessels had increased in number and were deeper placed inside the bursa than previously.At day 20, the cells of the upper layer of the epithelium were dorsoventrally flattened and stained paler than the cells of the lower layer. It was possible to distinguish the cortex from the medulla and the basement lining between both zones was distinct. Tiny vesicles within the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells at the mucosa and follicles were observed. Macrophges were also observed within the gland.At day 21, blood vessels were observed in the cortex of the follicles. The maximum number of primary folds (14) had been formed.At day 22, serveral follicles had severed connections with the mucosal epithelium. The mucosal lining had dropped to a single layer of cells in some areas. Goblet cells were observed amongst the mucosal cells. A plasma cell had first appeared.By day 25, dead cells had increased quite in number and there was also an increase in number of medium and small-sized lymphocytes within the gland.By day 26, the upper layer of the surface epithelium was composed primarily of tall columnar cells with numerous large vacuoles. Macrophages had suddenly increased within the thin interfollicu-lar spaces and most of them were crowded internally with various sizes of debris.By day one post-hatch, each fold was completely filled with follicles that were separated by thin connective tissue strands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1993.tb00359.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Thymus of the Guinea Fowl from the Eighteenth Day of Incubation until Maturity (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 23 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The thymus gland of the guinea fowl appeared as a series of pink, irregular-shaped lobes along the jugular veins. These lobes were 13 in number with seven on the right and six on the left side. The third and sixth lobes on the right side were the largest. The largest lobe measured about 20.0 × 5.0 mm while the smallest measured about 5.0 × 4,0 mm.Histologically, it was encircled by a thin layer of poorly stained connective tissue from which strands penetrated the thymic tissue giving incomplete lobules peripherally as early as day 18 of incubation. Lymphocytes and reticular epithelial cells were the two types of cells occurring at this time. Reticular epithelial cells were observed to be vacuolated especially towards the centre of the gland.Macrophages were observed in the thymus on day 20 of incubation for the first time. The blood vessels had accompanied the interlobular septa into the thymus.By day 21 of incubation, blood vessels had actually penetrated the thymic tissue but most of these vessels were of the capillary size. The cortex also became quite distinct from the medulla.At day 22, vacuolation ceased to appear in the cells at the cortical zone. Macrophages were still less than 10 in the slide.At day 23, most blood vessels were within the medulla and they displayed compressed lumi-na. Mitotic figures became a common site amongst the large lymphocytes and reticular epithelial cells.By day one post-hatch, lobulation of the thymus was still poor and macrophages became difficult to identify. The small and medium lymphocytes had outnumbered the large lymphocytes throughout the thymic tissue except at the most peripheral zone of the cortex. Fine vacuoles had reappeared within the cytoplasm of the reticular epithelial cells in the cortex.By day five, the distribution of blood vessels was almost uniform between the cortex and medulla.At three weeks post-hatch, plasma cells and red blood cells were seen in the stroma of the gland for the first time and most of the red blood cells occurred in the medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1994.tb00481.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The VP2 variable region of African and German isolates of infectious bursal disease virus: comparison with very virulent, “classical” virulent, and attenuated tissue culture-adapted strains (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  11 African and two German IBDV strains isolated in the mid ’80s from field outbreaks in vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken flocks displayed features of very virulent (vv) IBDV strains. The sequence data of the VP2 variable region and phylogenetic analysis confirm that these strains can be grouped within vv IBDV strains which appeared at the same time on the three continents Africa, Asia, and Europe. Strain Cu-1wt, responsible for severe IBD outbreaks in Germany 13 years earlier, showed some relatedness to these strains, but also significant differences at the genomic level, even though this strain has also features of the vv IBDV strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serological evidence of Ife virus infection in Nigerian indigenous domestic ruminants (1989)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 21 (1989), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a observé une preuve sérologique pour le virus Ife chez les bovins, les moutons, les chèvres et les chameaux dans les deux zones écologiques des états de Sokoto et de Kaduna au Nigéria. Les taux de prévalence des anticorps diffèrent selon les espèces et les zones; ils sont maximum en savane guinéenne. Il s'agit du premier rapport signalant l'infection possible par le virus Ife chez ces ruminants domestiques.
    Abstract: Resumen Se detectó evidencia serológica de la existencia de infecciones con el virus IFE en bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y camélidos en las zonas ecológicas de los estados de Kaduna y Sokoto en Nigeria. La tasa de prevalencia de anticuerpos difirió entre especies y entre zonas, siendo más alta en la sabana de guinea. Este es el primer informe, de la posible infección de rumiantes domésticos con el virus de IFE.
    Notes: Summary Serological evidence of Ife virus infection was observed in cattle, sheep, goats and camels in both ecological zones of Sokoto and Kaduna States of Nigeria. The antibody prevalence rates differed between species and between zones, being highest in the guinea savanna. This is the first report of possible Ife virus infection in domestic ruminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02297345
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Challenge study on infectious bursal disease in chicks derived from vaccinated hens (1987)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 19 (1987), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La présence et les taux d'anticorps maternels (AM) chez des poulets de chair issus de poules vaccinées avec un vaccin vivant contre la bursite infectieuse (BI) ont été recherchés par un test quantitatif de précipitation en gélose. A un jour, 100% des poussins testés avaient des AM; au 17 ème jour d'âge, seuls 10% en possédaient. Le taux moyen des MA au 1 er jour était de 337.5 unités UK/ml, baissant à 6,3 unités UK/ml au 17 ème jour. Des poulets prélevés au hasard dans le lot d'étude ont été éprouvés chaque semaine, du jour 1 au jour 29, avec un virus Bi isolé dans un foyer naturel. Une maladie infraclinique et clinique a été observée respectivement chez les poulets éprouvés aux jours 8 et 29.
    Abstract: Resumen Se estudió la presencia y niveles de anticuerpos maternos de la enfermedad de Gumboro, en pollitos de engorde descendientes de aves vacunadas contra la enfermedad. La prueba diagnóstica utilizada fue la cuantitativa de precipitación en agar-gelatina. Al día de edad, el 100% de los pollitos examinados tenían anticuerpos maternos; el día 17 solo el 10% tenía anticuerpos. El nivel medio de anticuerpos maternos al día de nacidos fue de 337.5 U.K. unidades/ml, decreciendo a 6.3 U.K. unidades/ml a los 17 días. Un grupo de pollitos de un día de edad escogidos al azar, fueron desafiados con intervalos de una semana, con virus virulento de Gumboro obtenido de un brote de campo, durante 29 días. Se observó la enfermedad clínica y subclínica, en pollitos desafiados a los 8 y 29 días respectivamente.
    Notes: Summary Presence and levels of maternal antibody (MA) in broiler chicks derived from hens vaccinated with a live infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine were investigated by a quantitative agar-gel precipitin test. At day old 100% of the chicks tested had MA; by 17 days of age it was present in only 10%. The mean MA level at day old was 337·5 UK units/ml but decreased to 6·3 UK units/ml at 17 days of age. Randomly selected chicks from the pool studied were challenged at weekly intervals from day old for 29 days with an IBD virus obtained from a natural outbreak. Subclinical and clinical disease were observed in chicks challenged at eight and 29 days of age respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02250846
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of measles virus on bovine kidney cells: Comparative study on viral yield (1987)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 7 (1987), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present investigation sought the use of Bovine Kidney Cells (BKC) which is a readily available substrate for the cultivation and isolation of measles virus. Results showed that measles virus grew well on BKC, showing identical cytopathologic effect (CPE) of syncytial and giant cell formation also noted for Vero cells. However, the growth on Vero cells was faster indicating a better sensitivity to the measles virus than BKC. The virus replicated and produced CPE in both confluent monolayer and trypsin dispersed cultures. The ability of the virus to form CPE was faster in trypsin-dispersed cells than confluent monolayers.The viral yield in Vero- and BK-cells were compared to assess any difference by analysis of variance. The F-value of 0.824 with degree of freedom 1.34 showed no significant difference at any reasonable confidence interval.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370070416
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