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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of somaclonal variants with low-temperature germinability in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 684-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Cucumis mel ; somaclonal variation ; low-temperature ; selection ; germinability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from adventitious buds and somatic embryos (R0) of melon (Cucumis melo L.), the cultivar Andes. Somaclonal variants of melon with low temperature germinability were selected from the progenies (R1) of R0 plants. Among 5,618 R1 seeds harvested from 23 R0 plants that were regenerated from adventitious buds 4 seeds germinated after 5 days of culture at 15 °C (selection rate; 0.07%). However, among 374 R2 seeds harvested from 2 R1 plants no seed germinated after 7 days of culture at 14 °C. Among 9,181 R1 seeds harvested from 50 R0 plants regenerated from somatic embryos 110 seeds germinated after 5 days of culture at 15 °C (selection rate; 1.20%). Among 3,717 R2 seeds harvested from 17 R1 plants 113 seeds germinated after 7 days of culture at 14 °C (selection rate; 3.04%). R3 seeds were collected from these R2 plants following self-pollination. Forty-five of the 47 lines (R3) originated from 10 R0 plants showed higher germination rates than that of the original cultivar. Selected lines with low-temperature germinability showed greater fruit growth rate than the original cultivar during the middle stage when they were cultivated in a greenhouse under low-temperature conditions. Of fruits harvested from 31 lines, 15 lines showed greater fruit volume than the original cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232647
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ploidy of somatic embryos and the ability to regenerate plantlets in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1994), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Cucumis melo ; somatic embryogenesis ; diploid ; tetraploid ; octoploid ; plantlet-regeneration ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The number of chromosomes in cells of callus, somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets during somatic embryogenesis were examined in two cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Somatic embryos were diploid (50.0%/32.1%), tetraploid (38.5%/57.5%) and octoploid (11.5%/10.4%) whereas in callus cells diploidy (41.9%/43.3%), tetraploidy (27.9%/25.8%), octoploidy (11.6%/15.5%) and a low frequency of other types of ploidy and aneuploidy were observed. Mixoploid somatic embryos were not observed. These results suggest that the somatic embryos were selectively differentiated from diploid, tetraploid and octoploid cells, and that endopolyploidization of cultured cells occurred before the start of cell division leading to somatic embryogenesis. The ratio of diploid to tetraploid (1.30/0.55) in somatic embryos was less than that in callus cells (1.50/1.68) while ratios of diploid to octoploid (4.35/3.09) and tetraploid to octoploid (3.35/5.52) in somatic embryos were greater than those in callus cells (3.61/2.80 and 2.40/1.67). Therefore, it appears that the ability of callus cell to differentiate into somatic embryos increases in the following order: octoploid 〈 diploid 〈 tetraploid. Regenerated plantlets were diploid (65.5%/55.1%) and tetraploid (34.5%/44.9%). No octoploid plantlets were observed. The ratio of diploid to tetraploid in regenerated plantlets (1.72/1.23) was greater than that in somatic embryos. Therefore, it appears that the ability of somatic embryos to develop into plantlets increases in the following order: octoploid 〈 tetraploid 〈 diploid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233771
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient regeneration of plants independent of exogeneous growth regulators in bell pepper (Capsicum annumm L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 676-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Organogenesis of shoots of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was achieved in fourteen cultivars on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS medium) supplemented only with 0.4% (w/v) Gellan gum (pH 5.8). Mature seeds of cv. Shinsakigake-2 were sown on filter paper that had been wetted with sterilized water and precultured for zero to five days in under 16 hr of light per day at 25 °C. Explants, consisting of the proximal part of the hypocotyl and the radicle, were excised from the seeds and formed adventitious buds around the cut surfaces of elongated hypocotyls after four weeks of culture. When explants were subcultured on MS medium, 57% of the explants that had produced adventitious buds extended shoots after an additional three weeks of culture. Shoots were rooted on MS medium after two further weeks of culture. Chromosome numbers of all 30 regenerated plants that weexamined were normal (2n=24). The morphology of the mature plants was also normal and they set normally shaped fruits with mature seeds. Regenerated whole plants were also obtained in the case of 13 other cultivars by applying this simple procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233418
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous gibberellin levels influence in-vitro shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 197 (1995), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabidopsis (gai, ga4 mutants) ; Gibberellin (endogenous) ; Shoot regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The regeneration of shoot buds from callus cells in vitro is an important technique in modern plant genetic manipulation. Whilst it is clear that genetic factors play a major role in determining the ability of callus cells to become organized into regenerating shoot buds, the precise nature of these factors remains unknown. Here we show that callus derived from mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana which have reduced levels of endogenous bioactive gibberellins (GAs), or reduced responsivity to GAs, regenerates shoot buds more readily than does callus derived from wild-type controls. In addition, exogenous GA reduces, and exogenous paclobutrazol (a GA-biosynthesis inhibitor) increases, the frequency of shoot bud regeneration from wild-type callus. These results show that GA levels play a role in regulating shoot bud regeneration from callus, and suggest that variation in endogenous GA levels or responsivity may account for a major component of the genetic variation in shoot bud regeneration frequency described in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202651
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of aneuploid melon plants following in vitro culture of seeds from a triploid x diploid cross (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 38 (1994), S. 61-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: embryo rescue ; evule culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aneuploid melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) were obtained from in vitro cultured seed, which were produced by crossing triploid (3x=36) x diploid (2x=24) plants. Twenty-six fruits were obtained from pollination of 29 bisexual flowers of triploid plants. Seeds were collected from the fruits at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 〉7 weeks after pollination and germinated in vitro on Murashige & Skoogs (MS) medium. Embryos developed from 0.6 to 1.6% of the cultured seeds after three weeks in culture. Shoots developed from 0 to 47% of embryos after transfer to half-strength MS medium. Some (0 to 50%) of elongated shoots that rooted were subcultured on the same medium. Five rooted plantlets were obtained through culture of 5,353 seeds. Four of the plants were aneuploid, with chromosome numbers of 27, 35, 45 and 46, respectively, and the one was tetraploid (4x=48).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034445
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term ploidy stability of shoot primordium cultures and produced plants of melon (1997)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 48 (1997), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Cucurbitaceae ; Cucumis melo ; polyploidy ; regeneration ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chromosome number of cells in the shoot primordium aggregates and produced plants of melon [Cucumis melo L. 'Prince' (2n=2x=24)] was examined. Shoot primordium aggregates were induced from shoot-tips cultured in liquid medium and shaken at low speed (2 rpm). They were maintained by subculturing small pieces (5mm〈) every 4 weeks. Shoot primordium aggregates just after induction contained about 97 diploid and 3 tetraploid cells, which was similar to those maintained in shoot primordium cultures for 6 years. This indicates that the ploidy level was maintained stably. On the other hand, plants produced from the shoot primordium aggregates just after induction were either diploid, tetraploid or mixoploid with both diploid and tetraploid cells. These ploidies were again observed among plants produced from shoot primordium cultures that were 2, 3 or 4 years old. A majority of produced plants were diploid while the total frequency of tetraploids and mixoploids was less than 8 of plants produced from all ages. Therefore, the frequency of somaclonal variation with respect to ploidy among plants produced from shoot primordium aggregates is likely to be stable at a low level over the long term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005854523278
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