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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumour Necrosis Factor in Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Periportal fibroplasia is the dominating feature of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Since monokines play an Important role in the regulation of fibroplasia, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were assessed in sera and cell culture supernatants from patients with intestinal and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis before and 3-6 months after treatment with praziquantel. Uninfected controls were from the study area in Alagoas, Brazil. TNF was measured using an L-M mouse fibroblast bioassay and radioimmunoassays specific for TNF-α. Whereas TNF-α was elevated three fold in the patients' sera, three-to five-fold reductions of TNF were observed by radioimmunoassay and bioassay, respectively, in cell culture supernatants of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis patients. Significant deviations, in opposite directions, from TNF levels in control sera and supernatants are most plausible in the event of a sequestration of TNFα-producing cells from the circulation. This process may be disease stage-specific since a dichotomy between incipient and advanced cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis became apparent in the amplitude and kinetics of changes during the follow-up after treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02761.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of Interleukin 2 and Gamma Interferon by Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in Human Schistosoma mansoni Infection Normalizes after Chemotherapy (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 2(IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were determined in supernatantsof mitogen and antigen-driven cell cultures from patients with hepatosplenic or intestinal schistosomiasis. Skin reactivity was tested using a panel of eight recall antigens. Results were compared with those of uninfected local controls. In both schistosomiasis groups, IL-2 activity was reduced before treatment. In less than one third of the patients, schistosomal antigens elicited detectable IL-2 activity. IFN-γ production was reduced more severely in hapatosplenic cases, in particular after stimulation by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. After anti-schistosomal therapy with praziquantel, mitogen-induced IL-2 and IFN-γ activities became normal within 3 months in intestinal schistosomiasis, and within 6 months in the hepatosplenic patient group. Results of in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity tests paralleled those of in vitro lymphokine production. In conclusion, evidence is presented for severe, antigen-unspecific suppression of lymphokine production and skin reactivity against recall antigens. Anti-parasitic chemotherapy is shown to reverse the impairment of cell-mediated immune responses at the cytokine level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02451.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Schistosomiasis: Deficiency of Large Granular Lymphocytes and Indomethacin-Sensitive Suppression of Natural Killing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 23 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-eight children infected with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro using the myeloid/erythroid cell line K562 as target. In addition, the frequency of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and the number of HNK-1−lymphocytes were examined in peripheral blood. NK cell activity was found to be markedly reduced in most patients when compared with a group of healthy Caucasian individuals (P〈0.005). Moreover, the impairment of NK activity clearly correlated with the intensity of infection, which was quantified by parasite ova excretion in stool and urine. Within the lymphocyte compartment the percentages of cells with the NK phenotype (HNK-1+) were found to be normal, although the majority of patients exhibited decreased numbers of LGL (P〈0.005). The absolute and relative frequencies of LGL and HNK-1+ lymphocytes by no means correlated with the parasite load. In vitro results suggest an at least partly prostaglandin-mediated and interferon-resistant functional defect of NK cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01973.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune Response in Chronic Schistosomiasis haematobium and mansoni (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sudanese children heavily infected with Schistosoma haematobium and 5. mansoni were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations, for mitogen and antigen responsiveness, and for natural killer (NK) cell activity before and 5 months after treatment with praziquantel. The humoral immune response was simultaneously investigated by determination of parasite-specific IgG and IgE antibodies. IgE-containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. A single dose treatment with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) resulted in a normalization of numerical imbalances in lymphocyte sub-populations, a significant increase in the blastogenic response upon stimulation with adult worm antigen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A), and restoration of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis of K562 targets. These findings were paralleled by a remarkable decrease in parasite-specific IgE antibodies, IgE-containing circulating immune complexes, and circulating schistosome antigen. The results indicate that the modulation of immune responses in chronic schistosomiasis is associated with active infection and is reversible after successful chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02426.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical and Functional Alterations of Lymphocytes in Human Schistosomiasis (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 19 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 29 Sudanese children heavily infected with Schistosoma haemotobium and S. mansoni were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations. for mitogen responsiveness in the absence and presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and for natural killer (NK) cell activity. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements. In comparison with a group of healthy Caucasian individuals the children with schistosomiasis showed a profound alteration of their cellular immune variables, reflecting a severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The T-cell compartment, in particular the OKT4+ helper/inducer subset, was numerically reduced at the expense of an increased B-cell compartment. The patients' OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly diminished (median, 1.2; 95% confidence limits, 0.8–1.7) corresponding to a decreased responsiveness to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. Since addition of exogeneous IL-2 significantly enhanced the patients' lymphocyte proliferation in response to Con A, a defective IL-2 production was assumed to be at the origin of the impaired mitogenic response in chronic schistosomiasis. With regard to NK cell activity, most patients' lymphocytes failed to mediate significant cytotoxicity against the K562 target cell line, although normal percentages of cells with the NK phenotype (HNK-1+) were present. The results are discussed in view of immunological alterations seen in other parasitic infections with a heavy parasitic load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00956.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Special non-central forces for sd-shell nuclei
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 43 (1973), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(73)90419-X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty.Objectives  To assess the prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity of pediculosis capitis and scabies in poor neighbourhoods in north-east Brazil.Methods  The study comprised cross-sectional surveys of a representative population of an urban slum (n = 1460) in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (Brazil) and a fishing community 60 km south of the city (n = 605). Study participants were examined for the presence of scabies and pediculosis capitis. In a longitudinal study in the slum, variation of prevalence in different seasons of the year was assessed.Results  Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 43·4% in the slum and 28·1% in the fishing community. Children aged 10–14 years and females were most frequently affected. Scabies was present in 8·8% of the population in the slum and in 3·8% of the population in the fishing community. There was no consistent pattern of age distribution. Superinfection was common in patients with scabies, and cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≤ 15 years, being of female sex and living in the urban slum were independent factors contributing to the simultaneous coinfestation with pediculosis capitis and scabies. The longitudinal data from the urban slum showed a characteristic seasonal variation of pediculosis capitis, but no fluctuation of scabies.Conclusions  Pediculosis capitis and scabies are hyperendemic in the study areas and are associated with considerable morbidity. There is an urgent need to develop control measures for these parasitic skin diseases in resource-poor communities. This is the first community-based study describing in detail the epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and head lice infestation in Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06591.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allowed β-transitions, weak magnetism and nuclear structure in light nuclei
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Annals of Physics 115 (1978), S. 276-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-4916
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(78)90158-6
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissipation and fluctuation of the relative momentum in nucleus-nucleus collisions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 435 (1985), S. 229-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(85)90313-6
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermionic molecular dynamics
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 515 (1990), S. 147-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(90)90328-J
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