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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of Pre-Hospital Discharge Defibrillation Testing in Recipients of Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Opinions vary regarding the need to perform defibrillation testing prior to hospital discharge in recipients of state-of-the-art cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Our protocol is to perform predischarge ICD testing 1 day after implant. This report includes 682 consecutive implants. Adverse observations at testing were grouped into (1) risk of defibrillation failure, (2) surgical complications, (3) sensing/pacing issues or narrow defibrillation margin warranting closer follow-up, or (4) findings correctable by device reprogramming. Among the 682 patients, 63% had single-chamber and 37% dual-chamber or biventricular ICDs. In 48 patients (7%) there were 69 concerns and/or interventions, with overlaps among the four categories, including one failure to defibrillate (0.15%), and six other patients at risk. Surgical complications included 11 hematomas (1.6%), and six lead dysfunctions. Closer follow-up was indicated in 19 patients (2.7%), for high pacing thresholds in seven, sensing issues in seven, and 〈10 J defibrillation margin in five. Device reprogramming was needed in 31 patients (4.5%), for tachycardia detection and therapy settings in 12, and for pacing/sensing functions in 22 patients. In eight patients ventricular fibrillation could not be induced. There was no morbidity or mortality due to testing. The state-of-the-art ICDs delivering biphasic shocks are remarkably reliable. The routine pre-hospital discharge defibrillation testing of such ICDs may be optional and left to the physicians’ discretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00004.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Increases Atrial Fibrillation After Ablation of Atrial Flutter (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Atrial fibrillation (Afib) that occurs after a successful atrial flutter (AFL) ablation may negate the potential benefits of the ablation. Afib occurs more often when severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is present. We hypothesized that even after a successful AFL ablation, the incidence of postablation Afib is increased when severe LVSD is present. Methods: Ninety consecutive patients with LVSD who underwent ablation for AFL at Montefiore Medical Center from August 2001 to January 2005 were classified according to the severity of LVSD. Group 1 (n = 36) consisted of patients with EF ≤ 35%, and group 2 (n = 54) consisted of patients with EF 36–55%. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline patient characteristics between the two groups. Results: During a mean follow up of 350 days, Afib occurred in 31% (n = 11; 8 with prior history of AFib) in group 1, and 7.4% (n = 4; all with prior history of Afib) in group 2. Cumulative probability of remaining Afib-free in group 1 versus group 2 was 75% versus 96% at 365 days, and 69% versus 91% at 600 days (P = 0.01). A prior history of Afib did not interact with EF when analyzed with a logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: After an AFL ablation, the incidence of Afib is increased, and the probability of remaining free of Afib is decreased, when severe LVSD is present, independent of a prior history of Afib. This finding may have implications for optimal patient selection for AFL ablation, and the use of adjunctive therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00223.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead Stuck (Frozen) in Header: (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is occasionally difficult to disconnect leads from headers at the time of pulse generator replacement without injuring the fragile leads. Over a 2.5-year period we encountered this problem in six cases (1.7% of pulse generator replacements). The posterior portion of the header was clipped off using an orthopedic bone cutter in four cases. The cut was aligned with the deep end of the lead socket in the header. A metal rod was then used to push the lead out of the socket. Bench testing of alternative methods was done on previously explanted pulse generators that were firmly held in a vice. Motorized microtools were used to drill holes from the end of the header to the deep end of the socket; or with a rotary saw attachment to slice off the back of the header, allowing a retained lead to be pushed out. The latter was also done with a hand held razor saw, and attempts were made with a scalpel. Lead removal in the clinical cases was accomplished quickly in the four cases using the bone-cutter, without trauma to the lead. Bench testing results varied. The bone cutter was the most efficient method for most brands, but was ineffective on one. The motorized tool was difficult to position, produced sprays of plastic particles, and would have been risky in a clinical setting. The razor saw was difficult to use safely, or efficiently, except in some headers that resisted the bone cutter. The scalpel failed except in one “soft header” pacemaker. An orthopedic bone cutter is a useful tool for removing a retained lead from a pulse generator header. Different header designs and materials necessitate knowledge of several lead detachment methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00596.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sinus Node Recovery After 25 Years of Atrial Flutter (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: PALMA, E.C., et al.: Sinus Node Recovery After 25 Years of Atrial Flutter. This case report demonstrates that the sinus node can recover relatively quickly even after being suppressed by atrial flutter for 25 years, and that a permanent pacemaker may not always be necessary in all patients with sinus arrest after a successful atrial flutter ablation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.01295.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heart Rate Variability and Diastolic Heart Failure (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diastolic heart failure accounts for up to 40% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), and is associated with a better prognosis as compared to patients with systolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, patients with diastolic dysfunction have a significantly higher mortality as compared to the normal population. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with increased mortality in patients with systolic heart failure. We therefore sought to determine to what extent HRV is altered in a population of patients with diastolic heart failure. Twenty-four hour ambulatory (Holter) recordings were performed in 19 consecutive patients with diastolic heart failure, in 9 patients with systolic heart failure, as well as in 9 healthy volunteers (normal controls). Time and frequency domain HRV variables were obtained for all three groups of patients. Both Time and Frequency domain variables were found to be reduced in both heart failure groups compared to normal controls. When compared with each other, patients with diastolic function had relatively higher values of HRV variables, compared to those with systolic dysfunction (SDNN, Total power, ULF power, all P ≤ 0.05). Patients with diastolic dysfunction have reduced HRV, suggesting a disturbed sympathetic-parasympathetic balance. Nevertheless, values for HRV are not as profoundly reduced as in patients with systolic dysfunction. The relative preservation of sympathetic-parasympathetic balance may explain the better prognosis in this patient population. (PACE 2004; 27:299–303)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00431.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The size of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has been diminishing progressively. If two devices are otherwise identical in components, features and technology, the one with a larger battery should have a longer service life. Therefore, patients who receive smaller devices may require more frequent surgery to replace the devices. It is uncertain whether this tradeoff for smaller size is desired by patients. We surveyed 156 patients to determine whether patients prefer a larger, longer-lasting device, or a smaller device that is less noticeable but requires more frequent surgery. The effects of subgroups were evaluated; these included body habitus, age, gender, and patients seen at time of pulse generator replacement (PGR), initial implant, or follow-up. Among 156 patients surveyed, 151 expressed a preference. Of these, 90.1% preferred the larger device and 9.9% the smaller device (P 〈 0.0001). Among thin patients, 79.5% preferred a larger device. Ninety percent of males and 89.2% of females selected the larger device. Among younger patients (≤72 years), 89.6% preferred the larger device, as did 90.5% of older patients (〉72 years). Of patients undergoing PGR or initial implants, 95% favored the larger device, as did 86% of patients presenting for follow-up. The vast majority of patients prefer a larger device to reduce the number of potential replacement operations. This preference crosses the spectrum of those with a previously implanted device, those undergoing initial implants, those returning for routine follow-up, and patients of various ages, gender, and habitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00671.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplified Tilt Table Test Protocol with Continuous Upright Position During Medication Administration and No Hydration (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA . : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: FISHER, J.D., et al.: Simplified Tilt Table Test Protocol with Continuous Upright Position During Medication Administration and No Hydration. Recommendations for head-up tilt testing (HUT) often include the prolonged abstaining from food and water consumption (nothing by mouth [NPO]) and intravenous fluids administration before HUT. After the baseline test, supine equilibration periods are recommended before and between each dose of medication. The aim of this study was to determine if similar results are obtainable with a simpler protocol. After 2–3 hours NPO, 1,540 HUTs were performed at 70 degrees for 30 minutes unless predetermined endpoints were reached. Then, with the patient remaining in the tilted position, isoproterenol (ISO) (1 μg/min), titrated every 3 minutes to a maximum of 5 μg/min ( n = 803 patients), sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) (300–400 μg) ( n = 143 patients), or edrophonium (EDP) (5 mg) repeated once after 3 minutes (n = 46 patients) were administered. No aspiration or other adverse effects attributable to the abbreviated fasting period were observed. ISO was well tolerated as doses were increased. Vasovagal manifestations developed in 31% of ISO tests, in 11% with EDP, and in 50% with NTG ( P 〈 0.001 ). Time consumed with rehydration before and postural changes during HUTs may be avoided when ISO is administered. With NTG the response may be excessive. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:451–452)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00069.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broad Applicability of Ultrarapid Train Stimulation as an Efficient Alternative to Conventional Programmed Electrical Stimulation (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA . : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: FISHER, J.D., et al.: Broad Applicability of Ultrarapid Train Stimulation as an Efficient Alternative to Conventional Programmed Electrical Stimulation. Background and study objective:Conventional programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is useful for establishing inducibility or noninducibility of clinical ventricular arrhythmias (VA), but is complex and time-consuming. This study compared a standard PES protocol with ultrarapid train stimulation (UTS) in a broad range of patients with and without a history of ventricular arrhythmias or structural heart disease. Methods: Patients prospectively underwent electrophysiologic testing with both UTS and conventional PES protocols in a randomized, crossover design. Results: The results were concordant in 79% of 150 matched pairs of comparisons in 104 patients (NS). There were no differences related to underlying heart disease or arrhythmia, or antiarrhythmic treatment. Induction of nonclinical arrhythmias with the two methods was similar (P = 0.524) . Inhibition phenomena were minor except in some patients receiving amiodarone. Fewer drive-extrastimuli sequences and less time were needed to complete the trains protocol (P 〈 0.0001) . Conclusions: In cases where the main intent is to induce ventricular arrhythmias, UTS yields results that are similar to those of conventional PES protocols in a shorter length of time. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:518–523)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00086.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological Correlation of Ablation Lesions Guided by Noncontact Mapping in a Patient with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Tachycardia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: PALMA, E.C., et al.: Histopathological Correlation of Ablation Lesions Guided by Noncontact Mapping in a Patient with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Tachycardia. A patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy developed a nearly incessant nonsustained VT. Guided by a noncontact mapping system, the tachycardia was mapped to the mid-septum of the right ventricle and ablated. Despite transient success, the tachycardia recurred and the patient subsequently died of multiorgan failure. Histopathological correlation of the ablation site revealed a nontransmural lesion that may have contributed to the failure of the ablation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.01812.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of Infected Pacemaker Leads with Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest and Open Surgical Exploration of the Superior Vena Cava and Innominate Veins (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite the use of transvenous methods for extraction of infected leads, failed attempts may result in retained lead fragments. Retained lead fragments may be a focus of continued infection leading to sepsis. We present two patients in which conversion from cardiopulmonary bypass to hypothermic circulatory arrest allowed direct visualization, using venotomies in the superior vena cava and innominate vein to achieve complete removal of retained pacemaker lead fragments. Use of venotomies in the extracardiac venous system is a technical addition to prior descriptions of lead extraction using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb06825.x
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