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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of stomatal distribution on transpiration in low-wind environments (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract According to computer energy balance simulations of horizontal thin leaves, the quantitative effects of stomatal distribution patterns (top vs. bottom surfaces) on transpiration (E) were maximal for sunlit leaves with high stomatal conductances (gs) and experiencing low windspeeds (free or mixed convection regimes). E of these leaves decreased at windspeeds 〉 50 cm s−1, despite increases in the leaf-to-air vapour density deficit. At 50 cm s−1 wind-speed, rapidly transpiring leaves had greater E when one-half of the stomata were on each leaf surface (amphistomaty; 10.16 mmol H2O m−2 s−1) than when all stomata were on either the top (hyperstomaty; 9.34 mmol m−2s−1) or bottom (hypostomaty; 7.02 mmol m−2s−1) surface because water loss occurred in parallel from both surfaces. Hyperstomatous leaves had larger E than hypostomatous leaves because free convection was greater on the top than on the bottom surface. Transpiration of leaves with large g, was greatest at windspeeds near zero when ∼60–75% of the stomata were on the top surface, while at high windspeeds E was greatest with, 50% of the stomata on top. For leaves with low gs, stomatal distribution exerted little influence on simulated E values. Laboratory measurements of water loss from simulated hypo-, hyper-, and amphistomatous leaf models qualitatively supported these predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1986.tb02108.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Influenza Virus Haemagglutination by Polymerized Orosomucoid (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 915-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Orosomucoid was isolated from the urine of adult patients with the nephrotic syndrome, by means of chromatography on DEAE cellulose6. The preparation had been shown to be of high purity by electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal and immunochemical analysis6. Solutions of orosomucoid were prepared, 1 per ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/208915a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced mucosal penetration and transfer to protal blood of luminal horseradish peroxidase after exposure of mucosa of guinea pig small intestine to ethanol and lysolecithin (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 1015-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of luminal 150 mmol saline, 0.05–0.2% (w/v) lysolecithin, and 5–20% (v/v) ethanol was studied on the mucosal morphology of the proximal small intestine in conscious guinea pigs as well as on the mucosal penetration and transfer to portal venous blood of luminal horseradish peroxidase (HRP). No ultrastructural evidence of mucosal damage was identified in any of the lysolecithin-perfused animals compared with saline controls. Ten and 20% ethanol (v/v) resulted in the appearance of fluid-filled spaces between enterocytes and in cytoplasmic lipid deposits and an increased number of autophagic vesicles within the cells themselves. Tight junctions remained intact. These changes after luminal 5% ethanol (v/v) were much less conspicuous. In the presence of saline, luminal HRP was largely confined to the brush border. Both lysolecithin and ethanol (5% v/v) rapidly induced mucosal penetration of HRP which was seen in cytoplasmic vesicles within enterocytes, between enterocytes, and in the lamina propria. Peak portal venous blood levels of HRP studied in multiple samples over 3 hr were one log unit greater than saline controls. Absorption of HRP was proportional to the luminal concentration of lysolecithin in the range tested. These studies show that mucosal penetration and absorption of functional exogenous macromolecules may be induced, in the absence of morphological evidence of mucosal damage, by luminal constituents which may perturb the structure of enterocyte membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01311253
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Clara cell and pulmonary surfactant: A study using selective chemical ablation (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Lungs ; Clara cell ; pulmonary surfactant ; chemical ablation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Administration of 3-hydroxymethylfuran-N-ethylcarbamate (HFC) to female hamsters via the jugular vein under pentobarbitone anaesthetic at 20 mg per kg body weight produced pronounced necrosis of the Clara cells without apparent morphological effect on other cell types as judged by transmission electron microscope examination. The surfactant material recoverable by minimal lavage followed by purification by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation increased, reaching a maximum around 48 h after treatment. At this time static pressure/volume measurements on isolated lungs indicated an increase in airway surface compliance. Lavageable surfactant phospholipid composition was examined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.). The distribution of phospholipids between the various classes was unchanged by HFC treatment. No change in the total lung surfactant pool size was seen. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the Clara cell in influencing airway surfactant levels.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290020404
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