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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasive cervical cancer in young women (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 91 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Between 1970 and 1979, 103 women below 35 years of age with invasive cervical cancer were treated at the First Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of the University of Milan. Nine patients were pregnant or less than 3 months postpartum. Estimated 10–year disease–free survival, determined by the life–table method, was 100% in stage IA (37 patients), 79% in stage IB (45 patients), 67% in stage 11 (15 patients), 0% in stages III (5 patients) and IV (1 patient). Prognosis was also strongly associated with lymph–node involvement, 10–year actuarial survival decreasing from 93% in lymph–node–negative to 44% in lymph–node– positive patients (P〈O.001). The prognostic relevance of the clinical stage decreased after adjustment for lymph–node involvement, but the statistical significance of lymph–node involvement was unaffected when stage was allowed for. In the present series, the estimated 10–year disease–free survival was 80% in patients treated by radical hysterectomy compared with 62% in the group treated by total hysterectomy (stage IB to IV patients only); this difference, however, was not statistically significant when the data were adjusted for clinical stage (P=O.10). None of the 20 patients with recurrent disease could be managed successfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb15093.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ten-year survival in 290 patients with endometrial cancer: prognostic factors and therapeutic approach (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 90 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Between 1970 and 1976, 290 patients with endometrial cancer were treated at the 1st Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the University of Milan. The median age was 62 years. Surgery was completed in 262 (90.3%) patients. Abdominal hysterectomy was used in 158 (70.9%) stage I and 40 (71.4%) stage II/III patients; vaginal hysterectomy in 55 (24.7%) stage I and nine (16.1%) stage II/III patients. Resection of the upper vagina was performed in 168 patients. Postoperative external beam radiotherapy was used in stage II/III patients and in 44 (19.7%) stage I high-risk patients. Ten-year survival, determined by the life-table method, was 84.8% in stage I (223 patients), 53.4% in stage II (37 patients), 64.4% in stage III (19 patients), and 9.1% in stage IV (11 patients). Factors associated with poorer prognosis were: late age at diagnosis (P〈0.001); deep myometrial invasion (P〈0.001); poorly differentiated histological grade (P=0.11); lack of resection of the upper vagina (P= 0.13). The role and importance of surgery is discussed, with special emphasis on the selective use of the vaginal route in aged, obese and medically high-risk patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb09285.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in the Swiss Canton of Vaud (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 639-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Thyroid cancer ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although substantial decreases have been recorded, age-standardized mortality rates from thyroid cancer in Switzerland are still the highest in Europe in men (0.9/100000), together with those from Austria, and the third highest (1.0/100 000) in women. Detailed analysis of 308 new cases registered between 1974 and 1987 in the Swiss Canton of Vaud revealed an overall incidence rate of 1.36/100000 men (world standard) in 1974–1980 and of 1.74/100 000 in 1981–1987. Corresponding values for women were 4.28 and 4.51, respectively. Thus, women constituted the majority of all cases (76%). Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (53%) followed by follicular (27%), undifferentiated (5%) and medullary (2%); other morphologies and clinical tumours accounted for 13% of the whole series. In both sexes, most of the apparent increase over the calendar period was restricted to the papillary type. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 71% and 57%. When various factors were introduced in a Cox proportional-hazard model, young age at diagnosis (hazard rate for ≧65 years vs 〈45=14.7; 95% confidence interval=7.5–29.1) and good histological differentiation (hazard rate for papillary and follicular vs undifferentiated=0.4) emerged as strong favourable and independent prognostic factors. The reduced hazard rate for women, other factors being equal, was of borderline significance (0.7, 95% confidence interval=0.5–1.0), whereas no significant difference was observed between follicular and papillary carcinomas, and calendar periods of diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637087
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral contraceptives and the risk of endometrial cancer (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Case-control study ; endometrial cancer ; oral contraceptives ; Switzerland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between the use of combbination oral contraceptives (OCs) and the risk of endometrial cancer was assessed in a case-control study conducted in the Swiss Canton of Vaud between 1 January 1988 and 31 July 1990. Subjects included 122 women aged 75 or less with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer, and 309 control women in hospital for acute conditions unrelated to OC use. Overall, 14 percent of cases and 27 percent of controls had ever used OCs, corresponding to a multivariate relative risk (RR) of 0.5 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 0.3. 0.8). The risk of endometrial cancer was found to be related inversely to duration of OC use: RR=1.0 for less than two years of OC use; 0.5 for two to five years; and 0.3 (95 percent CI: 0.1, 0.7) for more than five years. The protection appeared greater within 20 years since last use, and the RR rose to 0.8 after 20 or more years since last use; numbers are too small, however, for reliable inference from these subanalyses. No significant interaction or modifying effect was observed with other major factors related to endometrial cancer, including parity, body mass index, estrogen replacement therapy, and cigarette smoking. While this study provides further evidence for the protective effect of OCs against risk of endometrial cancer, the relationship requires continued evaluation to assess the long-term implications and public health impact of OC use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053128
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupation and soft-tissue sarcoma in northeastern Italy (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Agriculture ; benzene ; case-control study ; chemicals ; Italy ; occupation ; soft-tissue sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of occupation and exposure to different agents on the risk of developing soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) was assessed in a case-control study based on 93 cases of STS (53 men and 40 women) and 721 controls (371 men and 350 women), conducted in northeastern Italy. No risk elevation was found in subjects employed in agriculture (odds ratio [OR] for 〉 10 years = 0.8,95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.4–1.5), nor in those who reported exposure to pesticides or herbicides (OR=0.4, CI=0.1–1.2). Similarly, neither occupation in the furniture, upholstery, and mechanics industries, nor exposure to livestock or meat processing, wood dust, metal dust, and dyes or paints were associated with STS risk. Workers who reported exposure to chemical agents or to benzene or other solvents for more than 10 years had, respectively, a 1.8-fold (CI=0.7–4.4) and a 2.2-fold (CI=0.9-5.5) higher risk of developing STS. Although the small number of STS cases limits the interpretation of the study results, these findings weigh against the hyphothesis that pesticides, herbicides, or other exposures related to agriculture, play an important role in the etiology of STS. The direct associations with exposure to chemical agents and benzene or other solvents, albeit not statistically significant, may provide a useful hint for future investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The authors' reply (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 494-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051363
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; dietary fat ; females ; Italy ; olive oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Data from a multicenter case-control study on breast cancer conducted in Italy have been used to analyze the relationship of olive oil and other dietary fats to breast cancer risk. Cases were 2,564 women hospitalized with histologically confirmed, incident breast cancer. Controls were 2,588 women admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic, non-hormone related, on-digestive tract disorders. Cases and controls were interviewed between 1991 and 1994 using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The data were modelled through multiple logistic regression controlling for demographic and reproductive breast-cancer risk factors, energy intake and, mutually, for types of dietary fat. For olive oil, compared with the lowest quintile, the odds ratios (OR) were 1.05, 0.99, 0.93, and 0.87 for increasing quintiles of intake; in a model postulating linear logit increase, the OR per unit (30g) was 0.89 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.81–0.99, P=0.03). Among other oils or fats considered, the OR for the highest level of intake was 0.72 (CI=0.6–0.9) for a group of specific seed oils (including safflower, maize, peanut, and soya) compared with nonusers. The ORs for the highest cf lowest level of intake were 0.80 for mixed or unspecified seed oils, 0.95 for butter, and 0.96 for margarine. The study, based on a large dataset from various Italian regions, shows an inverse relationship of breast cancer risk with intake of olive oil and other vegetable oils, but not with butter or margarine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054164
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breast size, breast reduction, and cancer risk (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 125-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018451709329
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency and determinants of use of antiretroviral and prophylactic therapies against Pneumocystic carinii Pneumonia (PCP) before AIDS diagnosis in Italy (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 14 (1998), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy ; Epidemiological survey ; Italy ; Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the frequency and the determinants of use of antiretroviral drugs and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-infected individuals before AIDS diagnosis, a questionnaire was sent to all physicians reporting at least one AIDS case during the first six months of 1994 to the Italian National AIDS Registry. Information on cases diagnosed between 1 January and 31 March 1995 was collected. Information was obtained for 878 (66.4%) of the 1323 persons with AIDS: 447 (50.9%) had received antiretroviral drugs and 343 (39.1%) PCP prophylaxis, whereas 303 cases (34.5%) had received both. Individuals who became aware of being HIV-positive shortly before AIDS diagnosis were less likely to have started antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.09). Homosexual men and heterosexuals were more likely to begin therapy (AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.83–2.37 and AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05–3.05, respectively) compared to injecting drug users. Individuals living in Southern Italy and foreigners were less likely to start therapy (AOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.49–1.16 and AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.15–1.09, respectively) compared to those living in Northern Italy. Results were similar for PCP prophylaxis. Lack of awareness of HIV infection, HIV exposure category, and geographical area were the most important factors associated with treatment before AIDS diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007400519792
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: A case–control study from Italy (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 14 (1998), S. 675-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Case–control study ; Colon ; Neoplasm ; Rectum ; Risk factors ; Smoking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between smoking habit and risk of colon and rectal cancers was considered in a case–control study conducted between 1991 and 1996 in six Italian centers. Cases were 1225 patients below age 75 with histologically confirmed cancer of the colon and 728 with cancer of the rectum.Controls were 4154 patients admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic diseases. Compared to neversmokers, the odds ratios (OR) for current smokers of 25 or more cigarettes/day was 0.90 for patients with colon and 0.86 for those with rectal cancer and those for ex-smokers were 1.02 and 1.09 for colon and rectal cancer, respectively. No increase in risk was found with duration of the habit, the OR for 40 or more years being 0.79 for colon and 0.87 for rectal cancer. Furthermore, no relationship was apparent with time since starting (the OR for 40 or more years were 0.94 for colon and 1.01 for rectal cancer), or age at starting (the OR for 〈 18 years were 1.02 for colon and 1.00 for rectal cancer), or for pack-years smoked (the OR for 40 or more pack-years were 0.93 for colon and 0.91 for rectal cancer) or time since stopping among ex-smokers. No increase in risk was found in smokers of ≥ 15 cigarettes/day for 40 years or longer (OR: 0.93). No significant heterogeneity was found across strata of age at diagnosis, sex, education, physical activity at work, intake of alcohol, coffee, vegetables, total energy, and number of meals/day. Likewise, no significant association was apparent for various intestinal subsites. Thus, this study did not find cigarette smokers at higher risk for cancer of the bowel even after a long duration and a long period since starting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007545607059
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