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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drinking pattern and risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction: a population-based case–control study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 99 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  Alcohol consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease incidence and mortality. However, most studies have focused on an average volume per specific time period and have paid little attention to the pattern of drinking. The aim of this study was to examine the association between various drinking patterns and myocardial infarction (MI).Design  A population-based case–control study.Methods  Participants were 427 white males with incident MI and 905 healthy white male controls (age 35–69 years) selected randomly from two Western New York counties. During computer-assisted interviews detailed information was collected regarding patterns of alcohol consumption during the 12–24 months prior to interview (controls) or MI (cases).Findings  Compared to life-time abstainers, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for non-current and current drinkers were 0.66 (0.31–1.39) and 0.50 (0.24–1.02), respectively. Daily drinkers exhibited a significantly lower OR (0.41) compared to life-time abstainers. Participants who drank mainly without food had an OR of 1.49 (0.96–2.31) compared to those who drank mainly with food and 0.62 (0.28–1.37) compared to life-time abstainers. Men who reported drinking only at weekends had a significantly greater MI risk [1.91; (1.21–3.01)] compared to men who drank less than once/week, but not compared to life-time abstainers [0.91 (0.40–2.07)].Conclusions  Our results indicate that patterns of alcohol use have important cardiovascular health implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00630.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Association of Polymorphic N-Acetyltransferase (NAT2) with Breast Cancer Risk (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 768 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb12132.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet in the epidemiology of endometrial cancer in Western New York (United States) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 965-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: carotenoids ; diet ; endometrial neoplasms ; nutritional epidemiology ; phytosterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: We examined diet and risk of endometrial cancer among women in the Western New York Diet Study (1986–1991). Methods: Self-reported frequency of use of 172 foods and beverages during the 2 years before the interview and other relevant data were collected by detailed interviews from 232 endometrial cancer cases and 639 controls, frequency-matched for age and county of residence. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, age at menarche, parity, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, menopausal estrogen use, and energy. Results: Risks were reduced for women in the highest quartiles of intake of protein (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.9), dietary fiber (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0), phytosterols (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0), vitamin C (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) folate (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.7), alpha-carotene (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–1.0), beta-carotene (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.6), lycopene (OR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–1.0), lutein + zeaxanthin (OR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.5) and vegetables (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), but unrelated to energy (OR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.6–1.5) or fat (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 0.7–3.4). Conclusions: Our results support previous findings of reduced endometrial cancer risks associated with a diet high in plant foods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026551309873
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markers of insulin resistance and sex steroid hormone activity in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of abdominal adiposity, sebum production, and hirsutism (Italy) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 721-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: body fat distribution ; breast cancer risk ; hirsutism ; sebum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Insulin resistance and increased levels of serum steroids have been hypothesized to be relevant etiological factors for breast cancer. Measurements of markers of insulin resistance and elevated serum steroids may identify women at high risk for breast cancer. The present study analyzed the association of breast cancer with markers of insulin resistance and elevated serum sex steroids, abdominal adiposity, increase in sebum production and hirsutism in a case–control study nested in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Between 1987 and 1992, 10,786 women (aged 35–69) were recruited in a prospective study on breast cancer in Italy, the ORDET study. Women with a history of cancer and on hormone therapy were excluded at baseline. At recruitment, abdominal adiposity was calculated from the ratio of waist-to-hip circumferences. Sebum production was measured on the forehead under standardized conditions using a sebumeter. Nine androgen-sensitive body areas were evaluated for hirsutism and a total hirsutism score was computed. After an average of 5.5 years of follow-up, 144 breast cancer cases were identified among the participants of the cohort. For each breast cancer case, four matched controls were randomly chosen from members of the cohort who did not develop breast cancer during the follow-up period. Results: Waist-to-hip ratio was associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women: age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted relative risk (RR) for the highest tertile of waist-to-hip ratio was 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–4.75], p for trend 0.03. In the analysis conducted within strata of BMI, the effect of waist-to-hip ratio was confined to the group of thinner women: RR for the highest tertile of waist-to-hip ratio was 3.4 (95% CI 1.2–9.5). Sebum production and hirsutism were associated with breast cancer among postmenopausal women. Age and BMI adjusted RRs for the upper tertiles were 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.6), p for trend 0.01, and 2.3 (95% CI 1.1–4.9), p for trend 0.03, for sebum and hirsutism, respectively. Conclusion: These results add evidence for a role of hormones and metabolic alterations in breast cancer etiology and for different relations of these risk factors with breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966623901
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype modification of the associationof alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk (1999)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 10 (1999), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: alcohol ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; breast neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetic polymorphisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Because alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) is rate-limiting in alcohol oxidation and is polymorphic, we examined ADH3 genotype in relation to alcohol intake and breast cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a case–control study among Caucasian women aged 40–85 with incident, pathologically confirmed breast cancer and controls, frequency-matched on age and county. Queries included alcohol intake in the past 20 years. Genomic DNA was genotyped for the exon VIII ADH polymorphism by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Computation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was by unconditional logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk among pre- (OR 2.3, 95%, CI 1.2–4.3) but not postmenopausal women (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7–1.7) associated with ADH3 1-1 compared to ADH3 1-2 and ADH3 2-2 genotypes. Risk was increased for premenopausal women with the ADH3 1-1 genotype and alcohol intake above the median (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5–8.8) compared to lighter drinkers with the ADH3 2-2 or ADH3 1-2 genotypes. ORs were close to null for premenopausal women in other drinking and genotype groups and for postmenopausal women categorized by genotype and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Among premenopausal women there may be a group more genetically susceptible to an alcohol consumption effect on breast cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008950717205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol consumption and lung cancer in White males (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; β-carotene ; diet ; fat ; lung cancer ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental and epidemiologic investigations in alcoholic and nonalcoholic populations have suggested a role of alcohol in lung carcinogenesis. The association between alcohol consumption and lung cancer was investigated among 280 White males with histologically confirmed, primary lung cancer and 564 White male controls, participants in the Western New York Diet Study (United States). Among heavy smokers (over 40 pack-years), total alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer with adjustment for age, years of education, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and intake of carotenoids and fat. In this group, the odds ratio for drinkers of more than 24 drinks per month was 1.6 compared with those who drank less. Drinkers of more than 12 beers per month were 1.6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nondrinkers of beer after controlling for age, years of education, and cigarette smoking (95 percent confidence interval = 1.0–2.4, P for trend = 0.003). Occupational and dietary factors did not seem to explain these findings. Although cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer, the role of alcohol, independent or in interaction with cigarette smoking, deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146890
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of family history of breast cancer and dietary antioxidants with breast cancer risk (New York, United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Antioxidants ; breast neoplasms ; diet ; genetics ; family ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We sought to determine if specific dietary antioxidants may be particularly effective in reducing breast cancer risk for women reporting family history (FH) of breast cancer in a first-degree relative. Interviews regarding usual diet, health, and family histories were conducted with 262 premenopausal and 371 postmenopausal women with incident, primary breast cancer from western New York (United States). These women were frequencymatched by age and county of residence with community controls. Among premenopausal women, there was a significant interaction between FH and α-tocopherol; α-tocopherol was associated with significantly decreased risk among FH+ women (adjusted fourth-quartile odds ratio [OR]=0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.0–0.3). This association was much weaker for FH-women [OR=0.7, CI=0.4–1.2]. For FH-women, a significant inverse association was observed between β-carotene and premenopausal breast-cancer risk (OR=0.4, CI=0.3–0.5), but not for FH+ women (OR=0.5, CI=0.1–4.0). Similar relationships, although not as strong, were noted among postmenopausal women. Although limited by small numbers, these results suggest that biologic mechanisms of tumorigenesis may differ in FH+ and FH-women, and that α-tocopherol may be a potential chemopreventive agent for women with a family history of breast cancer, particularly premenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052180
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States) (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 828-840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol drinking ; antioxidants ; diet ; fat ; lung neoplasms ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between diet and alcohol and lung cancer was evaluated among participants of the New York State Cohort (United States),comprising 27,544 men (395 cases) and 20,456 women (130 cases) who completed a brief mailed questionnaire in 1980. Participants were followed up through1987 with the assistance of the New York State Department of Health's Vital Statistics Section and Cancer Registry. Among men, inverse relationships with vitamin C, folate, and carotenoids, and positive associations with total fat, monounsaturated and saturated fat were observed after adjusting for age, education, cigarettes/day, years smoking, and total energy intake. The relationships observed with folate and saturated fat were stronger for heavy smokers. Also, the effect of folate, total fat, and monounsaturated fat seemed to be limited to squamous cell carcinomas. We found no indication that cholesterol or polyunsaturated fat was associated with lung cancer. Diet did not appear to exert a major role on lung cancer risk among women. Although diet modification should never be considered a substitute for smoking cessation, its role as an additional strategy in lung cancer prevention deserves attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018456127018
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