Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1896-1904 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bimodal loop-gap resonator for use in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at S band is described. It consists of two identical one-loop–one-gap resonators in coaxial juxtaposition. In one mode, the currents in the two loops are parallel and in the other antiparallel. By introducing additional capacitors between the loops, the frequencies of the two modes can be made to coincide. Details are given concerning variable coupling to each mode, tuning of the resonant frequency of one mode to that of the other, and adjustment of the isolation between modes. An equivalent circuit is given and network analysis carried out both experimentally and theoretically. EPR applications are described including (a) probing of the field distributions with DPPH, (b) continuous wave (cw) EPR with a spin-label line sample, (c) cw electron–electron double resonance (ELDOR), (d) modulation of saturation, and (e) saturation-recovery (SR) EPR. Bloch induction experiments can be performed when the sample extends half way through the structure, but microwave signals induced by Mx and My components of magnetization cancel when it extends completely through. This latter situation is particularly favorable for SR, modulation of saturation, and ELDOR experiments, which depend on observing Mz indirectly using a second weak observing microwave source. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2622-2628 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A detection method for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is described that permits simultaneous acquisition of multiple in- and out-of-phase harmonics of the response to magnetic-field modulation for both dispersion and absorption: (i) conversion of the microwave carrier to an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier; (ii) subsampling of the IF carrier by an analog-to-digital converter four times in K IF cycles where K is an odd integer; (iii) dividing the digital words into two streams, odd indexes in one and even in the other, followed by sign inversion of every other word in each stream; and (iv) feeding the two streams to a computer for the digital equivalent of phase-sensitive detection (PSD). The system is broadbanded, in the frequency domain, with narrow banding for improved signal-to-noise ratio occurring only at the PSD step. All gains and phases are internally consistent. The method is demonstrated for a nitroxide spin label. A fundamental improvement is achieved by collecting more information than is possible using a single analog PSD. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4516-4528 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design, construction, and characterization of an X-band multiquantum electron paramagnetic resonance (MQEPR) microwave bridge, with MQ electron–electron double resonance and MQ electron–nuclear double resonance capabilities. The main feature of the bridge is the use of double-balanced mixers as double sideband modulators to generate multiple irradiation fields with variable frequency separation. The microwave source is a low phase noise Gunn diode oscillator, the frequency of which is translated by a nominal 300±Δf MHz. This approach, called double sideband/fixed filter (DSB/FF), allows the use of fixed bandpass microwave filters to reduce incident spurious products to at least −70 dBc. Each frequency is amplified separately to avoid system-generated intermodulation (IM) sidebands in the incident irradiation. As a result, the dominant source of system intermodulation is the nonlinearity in the receiver system, consisting of a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a double-balanced signal mixer. A detailed analysis of receiver-generated IM products is presented. The use of the loop-gap resonator with a high resonator efficiency parameter, Λ, and low Q is essential to achieve a balance between microwave power and system IM sidebands. It is shown that even at maximum incident power, the levels of these sidebands can be reduced to 51 dB below the MQEPR response by switching out the LNA. This permits the extension of MQEPR applications into systems where high power is required. The operation modes of the bridge are briefly described. Alternative bridge designs are considered and compared with the DSB/FF design. It is found that the DSB/FF approach gives the best overall performance with greater flexibility and compatibility with multiple operation modes. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4010-4011 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two low phase-noise Gunn diode X-band oscillators intended for use in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are described. In the first, a 250-mW MA49159 Gunn diode oscillator (M/A-COM, Burlington, MA) is mounted in a coaxial transmission line that is closely coupled to a TE011 transmission cavity that in turn is loosely coupled to the output transmission line. The output power is 50 mW and the phase noise is −145 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. In the second, two such coaxial assemblies are used with 500-mW MA49110 diodes for increased power. The output power is 150 mW and the phase noise is −150 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset. These phase noise values are in the range of 24–29 dB better than the specification for a normal high quality klystron used in commercial spectrometers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1837-1842 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time locked subsampling (TLSS) in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) involves the steps of (i) translation of the signal from a microwave carrier to an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier where the (IF) offset between the signal oscillator and local oscillator frequencies is synthesized, (ii) sampling the IF carrier four times in an odd number of cycles, say 4 in 3, where the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is driven by a frequency synthesizer that has the same clock input as the IF synthesizer, (iii) signal averaging as required for adequate signal to noise, (iv) separating the even and odd digitized words into two separate signal channels, which correspond to signals in phase and in quadrature with respect to the IF carrier, i.e., I and Q, and (v) detecting the envelope of I and also of Q by changing the signs of alternate words in each of the two channels. TLSS detection has been demonstrated in three forms of pulse EPR spectroscopy at X band: saturation recovery, pulse electron–electron double resonance, and free induction decay. The IF was 187.5 MHz, the A/D converter frequency was 250 MHz, the overall bandwidth was 125 MHz, and the bandwidths for the separate I and Q channels were each 62.5 MHz. Experiments were conducted on nitroxide radical spin labels. The work was directed towards development of methodology to monitor bimolecular collisions of oxygen with spin labels in a context of site-directed spin labeling. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 63-67 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A probehead employing interchangeable loop-gap resonators and rf coils for multifrequency EPR/ENDOR spectroscopy from 1 to 10 GHz is described. A precision coupling mechanism allows accurate magnetic coupling of the microwaves to the resonators. The Rexolite© support of the resonator acts as a spool for the ENDOR coil. rf fields of 1.0 mT are generated. The coil and resonator can be easily changed to cover the range of 1–10 GHz. Liquid-phase ENDOR spectra of the stable free-radical galvanoxyl and of the spin label TEMPONE (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperidine-N-oxyl) dissolved in n-heptane are shown. The ENDOR enhancement for nitrogen from TEMPONE is 15 times larger at 2.3 than at 9.3 GHz due to the rf enhancement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 5907-5916 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irradiation of a single homogeneous electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) transition by two microwave sources separated by Δf, where Δf(very-much-less-than) the linewidth, results in the production of intermodulation sidebands at f0±(k+1/2)Δf, where f0 is the mean of the two irradiating frequencies and k is an integer ≥1. These sidebands can be seen directly with a microwave spectrum analyzer. Any one of the sidebands can be observed by suitable phase sensitive detection and displayed as a function of the polarizing magnetic field H0, resulting in a multiquantum EPR spectrum. The widths of the EPR lines decrease as k increases, resulting in improved resolution. The two k=1 transitions can be superimposed, resulting in a signal of double intensity. At saturating microwave power, this double-intensity line is two times less intense than an ordinary EPR line. No magnetic field modulation needs to be used when detecting multiquantum transitions, and pure absorption or pure dispersion signals are obtained with good baseline stability. Considerable attention is paid to the technical problem of irradiating the sample with just two microwave frequencies. In the apparatus described, spurious instrumental sidebands are reduced by 60 dB or more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3891-3898 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equation of Anderson [Phys. Rev. 102, 151 (1956)] (ω2−ω1)2=(γH0−ω1)2+γ2H21, which describes resonance conditions if relaxation times are long and irradiation at two frequencies is applied to a spin system, has been studied experimentally in the context of continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Here ω2 and ω1 are the frequencies of two incident microwave levels, one of which is much stronger than the other and is of amplitude H1. γH0 is the resonant condition if just one frequency is applied. Magnetization at either ω1 or ω2 has been observed as a function of sweep of the static magnetic field, sweep of ω2 and also sweep of the amplitude H1. Observation of magnetization at frequency ω1 corresponding to the strong microwave field H1 replicates the rotary saturation experiment of Redfield [Phys. Rev. 98, 1787 (1955)]. Multi-quantum effects are studied with the two frequencies well separated and also when they lie within the width of a single homogeneous line. In addition, data are shown when both microwave amplitudes are similar and the Anderson equation is no longer correct. The thrust of the work is not only to study the spin physics, but also to develop a basis for our development of rotary resonance as an alternative to field modulation in EPR spectroscopy [J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 85, 3901 (1989)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1095-1099 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The upper frequency for loop-gap resonators intended for use in electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy has been extended to Q band (35 GHz). A practical structure is described containing sample support, frequency tuning, and variable coupling. A typical sample volume is 39 nL. High-energy densities (15 GW−1/2) were achieved. As found previously at X band, Q-band loop-gap resonators permit observation of the dispersion with minimal demodulation of phase noise originating in the klystron. Theoretical calculations of the resonant frequency, Q, and the filling factor are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Varian Q-band E-110 microwave bridge for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been modified by addition of a low-phase noise Gunn diode oscillator of our own design, a low-noise GaAs field-effect transistor microwave signal amplifier, and a balanced mixer requiring high input power (10 mW) at the local oscillator port. The oscillator has previously been found to have −129 dBc/Hz phase noise, 22 dB lower than for the original klystron. Noise measurements indicate that the microwave amplifier and mixer reduce the overall receiver noise figure by 24.6 dB, a very significant improvement. It is shown that reduction of both phase noise and receiver noise are required in order to achieve full improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over the full range of available microwave power. Spectra of 1.6×10−6 M 15N-perdeutero TEMPONE (1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone) and of 10−6 M Mn2+ are shown in order to demonstrate sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...