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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate constants from Monte Carlo quasi-classical trajectory calculations. A procedure for importance sampling (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 83 (1979), S. 79-88 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100464a014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial 125-iodine radiosurgery of low-grade gliomas of the insula of Reil (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 130 (1994), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Low grade gliomas ; insula of Reil ; interstitial radiosurgery ; stereotactic neurosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between 1979 and 1991 67 patients with low-grade gliomas of the insula (of Reil) were treated with 125-iodine interstitial radiosurgery. Retrospective analysis with a median follow-up of 55 months demonstrated a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 54% and 47%, respectively, for all low-grade gliomas treated and a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 57% for 49 patients with astrocytomas WHO grade II analysed separately. The median Karnofsky performance status of survivors was 90%. Malignant change was the cause of death in 85%, failure to control tumour growth in the remaining cases. Multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazard model identified solely the pre-operative Karnofsky performance score of 70–80 vs. 90% as a prognostic factor for outcome (p=0.001, risk ratio 3. 62), but not age, gender, tumour volume, length of disease before treatment, mode of implantation, or major vs. moderate or no shrinkage of tumour volume after interstitial radiosurgery. Thus, 125-iodine radiosurgery yielded survival rates in these deep-seated insular gliomas comparable to those reported after surgery and radiation therapy of lobar tumours. This was achieved with a low peri-operative mortality and morbidity and at low costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplitude modulation of the human quadriceps tendon jerk reflex during gait (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tendon reflex ; Quadriceps ; Presynaptic inhibition ; Gait ; Ia afferents ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amplitude modulation of the quadriceps tendon jerk reflex was investigated during the step cycle in normal human subjects. Reflex amplitude was compared with that obtained during a control stance condition, with “equivalent” levels of EMG activity and limb position. During gait there was a progressive decrease in the reflex amplitude early in the stance phase, i.e. during yielding of the knee, and it remained reduced throughout the step cycle. This pattern of changes in reflex amplitude correlated with neither the quadriceps EMG activity nor with the knee joint movements. The behavior of the tendon reflex was similar to that described for the modulation of the quadriceps H-reflex during the early stages of the stance phase of gait. In the latter study it was argued that changes in presynaptic inhibition of quadriceps la terminals could account for the amplitude modulation. We conclude that there is no dramatic change in the gamma drive to quadriceps muscle spindles: tendon reflexes are modulated during the step cycle in much the same way as H-reflexes, in spite of the peripheral and central differences between them. Similar behavior has been described for the soleus H-reflex and Achilles tendon reflex during gait although the modulation of these reflexes followed a different pattern than that seen in the quadriceps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230854
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of heteronymous Ia facilitation and recurrent inhibition in the human deltoid motor nucleus (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 90 (1992), S. 620-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ia afferents ; Recurrent inhibition ; Upper limb ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of heteronymous Ia facilitation and of heteronymous recurrent inhibition in motoneurones innervating the anterior part of the deltoid muscle were investigated in normal human subjects following electrical stimulation of the nerves innervating the main muscles of the upper limb. Activation of group I afferents originating from deltoid, biceps, triceps and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles resulted in an early increase in firing probability of voluntarily activated motor units belonging to the anterior part of the deltoid muscle whereas activation of motor axons supplying deltoid, triceps, ECR and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles resulted in an early and long-lasting decrease in firing probability. No effect was seen following activation of group I afferents and motor axons contained in the ulnar nerve. The characteristics of the early facilitation suggest that it is at least partly due to heteronymous Ia monosynaptic connections while these of the long-lasting inhibition suggest that it is at least partly due to heteronymous recurrent inhibition. Their patterns of distribution are discussed with regards to the functional role of the human deltoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230946
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplitude modulation of the quadriceps H-reflex in the human during the early stance phase of gait (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monosynaptic reflex ; Quadriceps ; Ia afferents ; Presynaptic inhibition ; Gait
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amplitude modulation of the quadriceps H reflex was investigated during the early part of the stance phase of gait in normal human subjects. Stability of the M wave was used to ensure constancy of the effective stimulus strength. In all subjects there was a progressive decrease in the reflex amplitude throughout the early knee flexion (yield of the knee), whereas the quadriceps EMG activity remained constant or even increased. At an equal stimulus strength and EMG level, the reflex was often larger at the onset of the stance phase of gait than during voluntary contraction, whereas it was always smaller during the knee extension following the yield of the knee. It is argued that changes in presynaptic inhibition of quadriceps Ia terminals could account for this amplitude modulation of the monosynaptic reflex during gait. The possible role of changes in the gain of the quadriceps stretch reflex during bipedal gait is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the biceps femoris tendon jerk reflex during human locomotion (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Tendon reflexes ; Biceps femoris ; Gait ; Ia afferents ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  During gait it is generally accepted that there is a reduction in amplitude of H-reflexes as compared to standing. For short-latency stretch reflexes, however, it is less clear whether a similar reduction in reflex gain is present during locomotion. Stretches of constant amplitude are hard to produce under these circumstances and for this reason some previous studies on the biceps femoris (BF) have used ”reduced gait” in which the stimulated leg is stepping on the spot while the contralateral leg is walking on a treadmill. With this method it was possible to show that BF tendon jerk reflexes are larger at end swing and therefore are likely to contribute to the EMG burst normally occurring in that part of the step cycle when the BF is rapidly stretched. In the present study two questions were addressed: first, whether the reflex is different in size during gait compared to standing and, second, whether it is modulated in size during the gait cycle not only during reduced but also during normal gait. It was found that during both types of gait there was a general reflex depression with regard to the respective control values obtained during standing at similar EMG activity levels. In previous studies on soleus and quadriceps, discrepancies between EMG activity and reflex amplitude have been ascribed to changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals mediating the afferent volley of the reflex. Based on the data presented, this may also be true for the BF. In both normal and reduced gait the reflex was similarly modulated in size, showing a maximum at the end of swing. This similarity implies that reduced gait may be useful as an acceptable alternative for normal gait in studies on phase-dependent reflex modulation during locomotion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050682
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation, probably presynaptic in origin, of monosynaptic Ia excitation during human gait (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 109 (1996), S. 441-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Presynaptic inhibition ; Ia fibres ; Spinal reflexes ; Gait ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Modulation of presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents projecting monosynaptically to soleus motoneurones was investigated during human gait. Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents were deduced from alterations in the amount of heteronymous soleus H-reflex facilitation evoked by a constant femoral nerve stimulation. It has been shown that this facilitation is mediated through a monosynaptic Ia pathway and that during its first 0.5 ms it is still uncontaminated by any polysynaptic effect and can be used to assess ongoing presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals to soleus motoneurones. During gait, heteronymous facilitation was reduced with respect to its control value (rest during sitting) and modulated during the step cycle: it reached its maximum at mid-stance and decreased to near zero by the end of stance. At the same time the H-reflex amplitude was to some extent similarly modulated. It is argued that this decrease in heteronymous Ia facilitation and in H-reflex amplitude reflects an increased, ongoing presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals projecting onto soleus motoneurones, which could be from central and/or peripheral origin. D1 inhibition, i.e. the late and long-lasting inhibition of the soleus H-reflex evoked by a train of stimuli to the common peroneal nerve, was used as another method to assess presynaptic inhibition. This D1 inhibition was decreased during gait, and it is argued that this decrease might reflect an occlusion in presynaptic pathways or increased presynaptic inhibition of pathways mediating the conditioning volley.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229628
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